The role of H 2 O in silicate melts; I, P-V-T relations in the system NaAlSi 3 O 8 -H 2 O to 10 kilobars and 1000 degrees C

Burnham, Charles W.; Davis, Nicholas F.

doi:10.2475/ajs.270.1.54

Cited by 173 publications

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“…In Fig. 5c we have plotted the ratio of the concentration of molecular water in the sample to its concentration in melt saturated with pure water vapor [this ratio is equal to the activity of water in the melt given the Henrian approximation if the standard state at each pressure and temperature is the water-saturated melt under the same conditions; this is equivalent to the standard state adopted by Burnham & Davis ( 1971 )] versus ratio of the fugacity of water in each experiment to the fugacity of pure water under the same conditions (this ratio is equal to the activity of water in the vapor and approximately equal to the mole fraction of water in the vapor). The 1:1 relationship shown in Fig.…”

Section: J1 C2mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Study of Water and Carbon Dioxide Solubilities in Mid-Ocean Ridge Basaltic Liquids. Part I: Calibration and Solubility Models

Dixon

Stolper

Holloway

1995

Journal of Petrology

138

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INTRODUCTIONSu baerial magmas solidify at a pressure of -1 bar, but the pressure on submarine magmas ranges from near I bar to several hundred bars, depending on the water depth at which they erupt. Even over this small pressure range, the vesicularity and vesicle-gas composition of submarine magmas of constant bulk composition can change dramatically, reflecting the large differences in volume between gaseous a nd melt species, the large compressibility of the gas phase at these low pressures, and the increasing (but different) solubilities of all gaseous species with pressure in this pressure range. Thus, the well-known negative corr elation between eruption depth a nd vesicularity of subm arine magmas reflects the degassing of magmas at progressively lower pressures under conditions where the exsolving vapor is unable to escape fully from the m agma (e.g. Moore, 1965, (!) Oxford University Press 1995 1970Moore & Schilling, 1973). Likewise, the different solubilities of the major (e.g. C02, H20, S) and minor (e.g. rare gases) volatile species are expected (though not yet observed) to lead to a strong dependence of the composition of the vapor in the vesicles on depth (e.g. Moore, 1965Moore, , 1970Jambon et al., 1985;Gerlach, 1986; ]ambon et al., 1986; Zhang & Zindler, 1989; Bottinga & Javoy, 1990b). Similarly, it is thought that differing solubilities of oxidized and reduced gaseous species can result in systematic changes in the oxidation state of iron and sulfur in erupting magmas as a function of the degree and depth of degassing (e.g. Sa to, 1978;Mathez, 1984; Carmichael & G hiorso, 1986;Christie et al., 1986;Wallace & Carmichael, 1992;Nilsson & Peach, 1993). In view of the importance of the exsolution of a vapor phase from submarine magmas in . understanding their vesicle contents, their eruptive style, aspects of their chemistry, and ultimately the chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean (e.g. Javoy et al., 1982;Des Marais, 1985; Marty & ]ambon, 1987;Gerlach, 1989; Zhang & Zindler, 1989, it is surprising how little is known about the behavior of volatile components in these systems in the pressure range over which these magmas are erupted. For example, only recently has the solubility of carbon dioxide, the major component of vesicle gases in mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) (Killingley & Muenow, 1975;Moore et al., 1977;Delaney et al., 1978;]ambon & Zimmermann, 1987), been measured in MORB melt by experiment (Stolper & Holloway, 1988;Shilobreyeva & Kadik, 1989; Mattey, 1991; Pan et al., 1991 ;Pawley et al., 1992;Trull et al. , 1992) . Water is even more abundant than carbon dioxide in most MORB glasses, but we know of no measurements of the solubility of water in MORB liquids at eruptive conditions, although water solubilities have been measured at higher pressures ( 1-10 kbar) in other basaltic compositions (Khitarov et al., 1959;Hamilton et al., 1964;Kadik et al., 1971 ). Kadik et al. (1972} reported mixed C0 2 and H 2 0 solubilities in basaltic melts at 1-3 kbar, but their experiments did not extend to...

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Section: J1 C2mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Study of Water and Carbon Dioxide Solubilities in Mid-Ocean Ridge Basaltic Liquids. Part I: Calibration and Solubility Models

Dixon

Stolper

Holloway

1995

Journal of Petrology

138

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“…How any of these differences will affect the location of density crossovers also needs confirmation. To answer these questions, I refer to three recent experimental studies that address the issue of hydrous melt density and compressibility at high pressure (Matsukage et al 2005;Sakamaki et al 2006;Agee 2008), and pioneering work on hydrous melts and glasses at low pressure (Burnham & Davis 1971;Ochs & Lange 1999). From these data, I derive the effect of pressure on the partial molar volume of H 2 O in silicate melt ð V H 2 O Þ and predict the existence of crystal-liquid density crossovers for hydrous magmas in the mantles of the Earth and Mars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highest temperatures (23008C) were in the highpressure data from Sakamaki et al (2006) and the lowest temperatures (8008C) were from Burnham & Davis (1971). The values of V H 2 O from Burnham & Davis (1971) and Ochs & Lange (1999) are adopted directly from their tables and graphs, whereas those from Sakamaki et al (2006) and Agee (2008) are derived from the difference in density between anhydrous and hydrous liquids of the same composition, respectively, at high P and T, using the relationship V P;T…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 1a shows data from various studies that measured the density of hydrous silicate liquids or glasses at low and high pressures, and from which we cite or derive values for V H 2 O , uncorrected for thermal expansion. The experimental densities were measured on hydrous silicate glasses near the glass transition temperature at 1 bar with dilatometry (Ochs & Lange 1999), on hydrous albite melt up to 0.85 GPa in an internally heated, gas pressurized, P-V-T vessel (Burnham & Davis 1971), on hydrous FeO-rich komatiite melt at 1.5-9 GPa in a piston-cylinder and multi-anvil apparatus using the sink/float technique (Agee 2008), on hydrous FeOrich ultrabasic melt at 10-16 GPa (Matsukage et al 2005) and on molten hydrous mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) (Sakamaki et al 2006) in a multi-anvil apparatus using the sink/float technique. The highest temperatures (23008C) were in the highpressure data from Sakamaki et al (2006) and the lowest temperatures (8008C) were from Burnham & Davis (1971).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental densities were measured on hydrous silicate glasses near the glass transition temperature at 1 bar with dilatometry (Ochs & Lange 1999), on hydrous albite melt up to 0.85 GPa in an internally heated, gas pressurized, P-V-T vessel (Burnham & Davis 1971), on hydrous FeO-rich komatiite melt at 1.5-9 GPa in a piston-cylinder and multi-anvil apparatus using the sink/float technique (Agee 2008), on hydrous FeOrich ultrabasic melt at 10-16 GPa (Matsukage et al 2005) and on molten hydrous mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) (Sakamaki et al 2006) in a multi-anvil apparatus using the sink/float technique. The highest temperatures (23008C) were in the highpressure data from Sakamaki et al (2006) and the lowest temperatures (8008C) were from Burnham & Davis (1971). The values of V H 2 O from Burnham & Davis (1971) and Ochs & Lange (1999) are adopted directly from their tables and graphs, whereas those from Sakamaki et al (2006) and Agee (2008) are derived from the difference in density between anhydrous and hydrous liquids of the same composition, respectively, at high P and T, using the relationship V P;T…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compressibility of water in magma and the prediction of density crossovers in mantle differentiation

Agee

2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Hydrous silicate melts appear to have greater compressibility relative to anhydrous melts of the same composition at low pressures (!2 GPa); however, at higher pressures, this difference is greatly reduced and becomes very small at pressures above 5 GPa. This implies that the pressure effect on the partial molar volume of water in silicate melt ðv V H 2 O =vPÞ is highly dependent on pressure regime. Thus, H 2 O can be thought of as the most compressible 'liquid oxide' component in silicate melt at low pressure, but at high pressure its compressibility resembles that of other liquid oxide components. A best-fit curve to the data on V H 2 O from various studies allows calculation of hydrous melt compression curves relevant to high-pressure planetary differentiation. From these compression curves, crystal-liquid density crossovers are predicted for the mantles of the Earth and Mars. For the Earth, trapped dense hydrous melts may reside atop the 410 km discontinuity, and, although not required to be hydrous, atop the core-mantle boundary (CMB), in accord with seismic observations of low-velocity zones in these regions. For Mars, a density crossover at the base of the upper mantle is predicted, which would produce a low-velocity zone at a depth of approximately 1200 km. If perovskite is stable at the base of the Martian mantle, then density crossovers or trapped dense hydrous melts are unlikely to reside there, and long-lived, melt-induced, low-velocity regions atop the CMB are not predicted.

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Density and seismic velocity of hydrous melts under crustal and upper mantle conditions

Ueki

Iwamori

2016

Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.

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We present a new model for calculating the density of hydrous silicate melts as a function of P, T, H2O concentration, and melt composition. We optimize VPr,Tr, ∂V/∂T, ∂V/∂P, ∂V2/∂T∂P, and K′ of H2O end‐member components in hydrous silicate melts, as well as K′ of anhydrous silicate melts, using previously reported experimental results. The parameter set for H2O end‐member component in silicate melt optimized in this study is internally consistent with the parameter values for the properties of anhydrous silicate melt reported by Lange and Carmichael (1987, 1990). The model calculation developed in this study reproduces the experimentally determined densities of various hydrous melts, and can be used to calculate the relationships between pressures, temperatures, and H2O concentrations of various hydrous melts from ultramafic to felsic compositions at pressures of 0–4.29 GPa. Using the new parameter set, we investigate the effects of H2O content on the seismic velocity of hydrous melts, as well as seismic velocities in partially molten regions of subduction zones. The results show that water content in silicate melt plays a key role in determining seismic velocity structure, and therefore must be taken into account when interpreting seismic tomography.

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The role of H 2 O in silicate melts; I, P-V-T relations in the system NaAlSi 3 O 8 -H 2 O to 10 kilobars and 1000 degrees C

Cited by 173 publications

References 0 publications

An Experimental Study of Water and Carbon Dioxide Solubilities in Mid-Ocean Ridge Basaltic Liquids. Part I: Calibration and Solubility Models

An Experimental Study of Water and Carbon Dioxide Solubilities in Mid-Ocean Ridge Basaltic Liquids. Part I: Calibration and Solubility Models

Compressibility of water in magma and the prediction of density crossovers in mantle differentiation

Density and seismic velocity of hydrous melts under crustal and upper mantle conditions

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