The Role of Gut Microbiota in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers

Grochowska, Marta; Perlejewski, Karol; Laskus, Tomasz; Radkowski, Marek

doi:10.1007/s00005-021-00641-6

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 131 publications

(170 reference statements)

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“…H. pylori is a gram-negative bacterium and is the most important pathogen in the development of CSG and IM all over the world (Huang et al, 2019 ). It has been listed as a class of carcinogens by the World Health Organization (Grochowska et al, 2022 ). The history of H. pylori infection is associated with a threefold increase in the risk of non-cardiac GC in a lifetime (Yang et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The international agency for research on cancer already classified Helicobacter pylori as a first-class carcinogen, which is closely related to about 75% of the new cases of GC in the world every year (Grochowska et al, 2022 ). H. pylori causes an inflammatory immune response in gastric mucosa and destroys the gastric mucosal barrier (Radziejewska, 2012 ; Oluwole, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in gastric microbiota and mucosal function between patients with chronic superficial gastritis and intestinal metaplasia

Jiang

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Chronic superficial gastritis (CSG) and intestinal metaplasia (IM) can further develop into gastric cancer, which seriously endangers the health of people all over the world. In this study, the differences in gastric microbiota between CSG patients and IM patients were detected by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. As the expression levels of mucin and CDX2 are closely related to IM, the expression differences of mucin (MUC2 and MUC5AC) and CDX2 in the gastric mucosa of CSG patients and IM patients were detected by Western blot and qRT-PCR. The results showed that both Faith_pd and Observed_species indexes of microbiota in the gastric juice of CSG patients were significantly higher than those of IM patients. At the genus level, Thermus and Anoxybacillus were dominant in the gastric juice of IM patients, and Helicobacter was dominant in the gastric juice of CSG patients. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) demonstrated that the dispersion of samples in the CSG group is greater than that in the IM group, and some samples in the CSG group are clustered with samples in the IM group. The KEGG metabolic pathway difference analysis of gastric juice microbiota in CSG and IM patients revealed that the gastric juice microbiota in the CSG and IM patients were significantly enriched in the amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, and the functional differences between the two groups were mainly concentrated in the bacterial secretion system (VirB1, VirB2, VirB3, VirD2, and VirD4). In conclusion, there are significant differences in gastric microbiota and mucosal function between the CSG and IM patients. Moreover, the results of this study may provide a new means for the detection of CSG and IM and a new direction for the prevention and treatment of CSG and IM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in gastric microbiota and mucosal function between patients with chronic superficial gastritis and intestinal metaplasia

Jiang

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Moreover, bacteria have the potential to indirectly facilitate the process of carcinogenesis through the alteration of both systemic and local immune reactions. These immune responses play a crucial role in progressing GI tract malignancies ( 13 ). The GI tract of humans harbors a vast number of microorganisms that work in conjunction with the host to uphold both wellness and illness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of microbiomes in gastrointestinal cancers: new insights

Yarahmadi,

Afkhami

2024

Front. Oncol.

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Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers constitute more than 33% of new cancer cases worldwide and pose a considerable burden on public health. There exists a growing body of evidence that has systematically recorded an upward trajectory in GI malignancies within the last 5 to 10 years, thus presenting a formidable menace to the health of the human population. The perturbations in GI microbiota may have a noteworthy influence on the advancement of GI cancers; however, the precise mechanisms behind this association are still not comprehensively understood. Some bacteria have been observed to support cancer development, while others seem to provide a safeguard against it. Recent studies have indicated that alterations in the composition and abundance of microbiomes could be associated with the progression of various GI cancers, such as colorectal, gastric, hepatic, and esophageal cancers. Within this comprehensive analysis, we examine the significance of microbiomes, particularly those located in the intestines, in GI cancers. Furthermore, we explore the impact of microbiomes on various treatment modalities for GI cancer, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy. Additionally, we delve into the intricate mechanisms through which intestinal microbes influence the efficacy of GI cancer treatments.

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“…Cancer constitutes a major public health problem worldwide and it is estimated that almost 20 million new cancer cases and nearly 10 million cancer-related deaths occurred in 2020 [ 1 ]. Infectious factors are involved in 17.8% of all cancers (viruses for 12.1%, bacteria for 5.6%, and helminths for 0.1%) [ 2 , 3 ]. The distribution of viruses could be in several organs/tissues, while in the case of virus-related cancer the tumor microenvironment (TME) could be significantly altered, depending on the type of virus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapeutic Management in Virus-Associated Digestive System Tumors

Sarantis

Trifylli

Koustas

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The development of cancer is a multifactorial phenomenon, while it constitutes a major global health problem. Viruses are an important factor that is involved in tumorigenesis and is associated with 12.1% of all cancer cases. Major examples of oncogenic viruses which are closely associated with the digestive system are HBV, HCV, EBV, HPV, JCV, and CMV. EBV, HPV, JCV, and CMV directly cause oncogenesis by expressing oncogenic proteins that are encoded in their genome. In contrast, HBV and HCV are correlated indirectly with carcinogenesis by causing chronic inflammation in the infected organs. In addition, the tumor microenvironment contains various immune cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, as well as several growth factors, cytokines, and other tumor-secreted molecules that play a key role in tumor growth, progression, and migration, while they are closely interrelated with the virus. The presence of T-regulatory and B-regulatory cells in the tumor microenvironment plays an important role in the anti-tumor immune reaction. The tumor immune microenvironments differ in each type of cancer and depend on viral infection. The alterations in the immune microenvironment caused by viruses are also reflected in the effectiveness of immunotherapy. The present review aims at shedding light on the association between viruses and digestive system malignancies, the characteristics of the tumor immune microenvironment that develop, and the possible treatments that can be administered.

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The Role of Gut Microbiota in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers

Cited by 15 publications

References 131 publications

Differences in gastric microbiota and mucosal function between patients with chronic superficial gastritis and intestinal metaplasia

Differences in gastric microbiota and mucosal function between patients with chronic superficial gastritis and intestinal metaplasia

The role of microbiomes in gastrointestinal cancers: new insights

Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapeutic Management in Virus-Associated Digestive System Tumors

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