The role of gut microbiota in bone homeostasis

Abstract

The gut microbiota (GM) is referred to as the second gene pool of the human body and a commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganism living in our intestines. The knowledge of the complex interaction between intestinal microbiota and health outcomes is a novel and rapidly expanding the field. Earlier studies have reported that the microbial communities affect the cellular responses and shape many aspects of physiology and pathophysiology within the body, including muscle and bone metabolism (formation and resorption). GM influences the skeletal homeostasis via affecting the host metabolism, immune function, hormone secretion, and the gut-brain axis. The premise of this review is to discuss the role of GM on bone homeostasis and skeletal muscle mass function. This review also opens up new perspectives for pathophysiological studies by establishing the presence of a 'microbiota-skeletal' axis and raising the possibility of innovative new treatments for skeletal development.

Helicobacter pylori Related Diseases and Osteoporotic Fractures (Narrative Review)

“…The other topic which deserves more attention is HPI-associated dysregulation of gut microbiota [ 239 , 606 , 653 , 654 , 655 , 656 , 657 , 658 , 659 , 660 , 661 , 662 , 663 , 664 , 665 , 666 , 667 ], a phenomenon described also in animal models (infected Mongolian gerbils [ 668 ]) and thought to be due mainly to gut immunopathological/inflammatory responses and suppressed gastric acid secretion following chronic/atrophic gastritis or use of acid-suppressive drugs. Gut dysbiosis by affecting various biological processes contributes to the pathogenesis of OP [ 669 , 670 , 671 , 672 , 673 , 674 , 675 , 676 , 677 , 678 , 679 , 680 , 681 , 682 , 683 , 684 , 685 , 686 , 687 , 688 , 689 , 690 , 691 , 692 , 693 , 694 , 695 , 696 , 697 , 698 , 699 ] as well as to numerous other extra-digestive system diseases associated with OFs [ 700 , 701 , 702 ,…”

“…Restoring a balanced gut microbiota is considered as a therapeutic tool for various diseases, including OP [ 695 , 730 , 731 , 732 , 733 , 734 , 735 , 736 , 737 ]. Recent studies showed that probiotic and prebiotic supplementation increases bone density in healthy individuals, protects against primary and secondary OP [ 687 , 695 , 699 , 734 , 738 , 739 , 740 ] and exerts beneficial effects in many other extra-digestive diseases [ 740 ]. However, despite the established impact of the gut microbiota on host (patho-) physiology, the potential roles of HPI- and medications-induced gut dysbiosis is not mentioned in current guidelines for OP.…”

Probiotics Ameliorate Alveolar Bone Loss by Regulating Gut Microbiota

“…Recent studies have revealed the critical role of Th17/Treg balance in the bone loss of PMO [45]. Th17 cells are a subset of proin ammatory T helper cells that potently induce the differentiation of osteoclasts by releasing IL-17A, RANKL, TNF, and IL-6 [46,47], consequently leading to bone destruction.…”

Identification and characteristics of postnatal development-related long non-coding RNAs under microbiota dependent condition

“…Accumulating evidence reported that gut microbiota were associated with multiple kinds of diseases including colon cancer [32], gestational diabetes [33], type 1 diabetes [34], cardiovascular disease [35] and so on. In addition, biological processes containing diet, weight [36], bone homeostasis [37] and postnatal development were also in uenced by gut microbiota. Most of previous studies about gut microbiota focused on coding genes.…”