The role of gut hormones in the regulation of body weight and energy homeostasis

Karra, Efthimia; Batterham, Rachel L.

doi:10.1016/j.mce.2009.06.010

Cited by 188 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…First, only plasma (total) PYY levels were evaluated, disregarding other gastrointestinal peptides that influence PYY secretion (19). Second, no real control group (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of somatostatin infusion on peptide YY secretion: studies in the acute and recovery phase of anorexia nervosa and in obesity

Rigamonti

Cella

Bonomo

et al. 2011

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Changes in many gastrointestinal peptides, including the anorexigenic peptide YY (PYY), which is produced by L cells, occur in both anorexia nervosa (AN) and obesity (OB). High PYY levels are present in AN, whereas in morbid OB fasting and postprandial PYY secretion is blunted. Somatostatin (somatotropin release-inhibiting factor (SRIF)) reportedly inhibits plasma PYY concentrations in animals and healthy humans, but the effect of a SRIF infusion on spontaneous PYY secretion in AN and OB is unknown. Methods: A total of 18 young women, seven with acute AN (A-AN), four with AN in the recovery phase (R-AN), and seven with morbid OB, were studied. All subjects underwent an infusion of SRIF (9 mg/kg i.v./h, over 60 min), with blood samples drawn before and at different time intervals after SRIF administration. Plasma PYY levels were measured at each time point. Results: SRIF significantly inhibited plasma PYY concentrations in R-AN and OB, without affecting PYY titers in A-AN. In OB, the inhibitory effect of SRIF also persisted at 90 min. Withdrawal of SRIF infusion in R-AN resulted in a prompt restoration of basal plasma PYY levels, whereas termination of SRIF infusion in OB was followed by a slower increase of PYY titers toward baseline levels. After infusion, PYY D area under the curve (DAUC) in R-AN was significantly higher than those in A-AN and OB patients. A significant difference in PYY DAUC between A-AN and OB was present. Conclusions: These results suggest the existence of a hypo-and hyper-sensitivity of L cells to the inhibitory effect of SRIF in A-AN and OB respectively.

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“…First, only plasma (total) PYY levels were evaluated, disregarding other gastrointestinal peptides that influence PYY secretion (19). Second, no real control group (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peptide YY (PYY) is a 36-amino acid peptide synthesized and released into the circulation from specialized enteroendocrine cells, called L cells, predominantly located in the distal gastrointestinal tract (19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of somatostatin infusion on peptide YY secretion: studies in the acute and recovery phase of anorexia nervosa and in obesity

Rigamonti

Cella

Bonomo

et al. 2011

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Peptide YY circulates in the blood in two forms: the intact 36 amino acid peptide PYY , and the truncated 34 amino 4 acid peptide PYY . Although both forms are present in the blood, PYY 3-36 is more abundant and exerts more potent anorexigenic effects (Karra and Batterham 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appetite, gut hormone and energy intake responses to low volume sprint interval and traditional endurance exercise

et al. 2012

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Sprint interval exercise improves several health markers but the appetite and energy balance response is unknown. This study compared the effects of sprint interval and endurance exercise on appetite, energy intake and gut hormone responses. Twelve healthy males (mean(SD): age 23(3) years, body mass index 24.2(2.9) kg.m -2 , maximum oxygen uptake 46.3(10.2) mL.kg -1 .min -1 ) completed three 8h trials (control (CON), endurance exercise (END), sprint interval exercise (SIE)) separated by 1 week. Trials commenced upon completion of a standardised breakfast. Sixty minutes of cycling at 68.1(4.3)% of maximum oxygen uptake was performed from 1.75-2.75h in END. Six 30s Wingate tests were performed from 2.25-2.75h in SIE. Appetite ratings, acylated ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY) concentrations were measured throughout each trial. Food intake was monitored from buffet meals at 3.5 and 7h and an overnight food bag. Appetite (P<0.0005) and acylated ghrelin (P<0.002) were suppressed during exercise but more so during SIE. Peptide YY increased during exercise but most consistently during END (P<0.05). Acylated ghrelin was lowest in the afternoon of SIE (P=0.018) despite elevated appetite (P=0.052). Exercise energy expenditure was higher in END than SIE (P<0.0005). Energy intake was not different between trials (P>0.05). Therefore relative energy intake (energy intake minus the net energy expenditure of exercise) was lower in END than CON (15.7%; P=0.006) and SIE (11.5%; P=0.082). An acute bout of endurance exercise resulted in lower appetite perceptions in the hours after exercise than sprint interval exercise and induced a greater 24h energy deficit due to higher energy expenditure during exercise.

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“…However, laboratory investigations allow 205 measurement of other relevant variables such as concurrent metabolic measurements, subjective 206 responses and appetite regulatory hormones, which can provide valuable mechanistic insight (23) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is breakfast the most important meal of the day?

et al. 2016

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1The Bath Breakfast Project is a series of randomised controlled trials exploring the effects of 2 extended morning fasting on energy balance and health. These trials were categorically not 3 designed to answer whether or not breakfast is the most important meal of the day. However, this The broad field of nutrition and health is rife with myths, misconceptions and frequently 24 posed yet seemingly fundamental questions that we intuitively feel should have simple answers. 25Is a calorie a calorie? Is obesity due to eating too much or doing too little? Is breakfast the most 26 important meal of the day? Often there are simple answers, the first two being central to the 27 themes considered in this review and both absolutely yes (just as a second is a second, one 28

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The role of gut hormones in the regulation of body weight and energy homeostasis

Cited by 188 publications

References 161 publications

Effect of somatostatin infusion on peptide YY secretion: studies in the acute and recovery phase of anorexia nervosa and in obesity

Effect of somatostatin infusion on peptide YY secretion: studies in the acute and recovery phase of anorexia nervosa and in obesity

Appetite, gut hormone and energy intake responses to low volume sprint interval and traditional endurance exercise

Is breakfast the most important meal of the day?

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