The role of grandparenting in early childcare and child outcomes

Boca, Daniela Del; Piazzalunga, Daniela; Pronzato, Chiara

doi:10.1007/s11150-017-9379-8

Cited by 24 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Similarly Del Boca et al . (2017) reported that only 3.2 per cent of mothers had moved to be nearer their family or friends in the two years surrounding the birth of a child and 1.2 per cent had moved in with family, based on analysis of the British Household Panel Survey. Further confidence in the validity of the instrument comes from controls of educational attainment and mother's age which could be related to mothers living close to the maternal grandmother and also directly affect the outcome of mothers’ employment decisions (see Del Boca et al ., 2017).…”

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grandparent Care: A Key Factor in Mothers’ Labour Force Participation in the UK

Kanji

2017

J. Soc. Pol.

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The relationships between paid work and informal care are critical to understanding how paid work is made possible. An extensive source of childcare in the UK is the intergenerational care grandparents provide. Using data from the UK's Millennium Cohort Study, a nationally representative sample of children born in 2000, biprobit and instrumental variables (IV) analysis of mothers' participation (given the social construction of caring responsibility) identifies a significant causal effect of grandparents' childcare in that it:(i) raises the labour force participation of mothers with a child of school entry age on average by 12 percentage points (the average marginal effect); (ii) raises the participation of the group of mothers who use grandparent childcare by 33percentage points compared to the situation if they did not have access to this care (the average treatment effect on the treated).Thus grandparent-provided childcare has a substantial impact on the labour market in the UK, an impact that may not be sustainable with forthcoming changes to the state pension age. Grandparents' childcare increases the labour force participation of lone and partnered mothers at all levels of educational qualifications but by different degrees. Grandparents' childcare enables mothers to enter paid work rather than extending their hours of paid work.

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Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grandparent Care: A Key Factor in Mothers’ Labour Force Participation in the UK

Kanji

2017

J. Soc. Pol.

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“…Provision of universal, cost-free and high-quality childcare has potential to reduce inequalities in children's outcomes, giving all children a stable, nurturing and educationally stimulating setting. Several studies have shown that centre-based childcare yields greater cognitive and academic benefits for children from socio-economically disadvantaged families ( Bradley & Vandell, 2007 ; Del Boca et al, 2018 ; Melhuish et al, 2015 ; van Huizen & Plantenga, 2018 ). Evidence in relation to socio-emotional outcomes is more mixed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differential benefits of non-centre care are also uncertain. Non-centre care by grandparents can buffer against disadvantage ( Akhtar et al, 2017 ; Barnett et al, 2010 ; Silverstein & Ruiz, 2006 ), and can be especially beneficial where there is only one resident parent ( Attar-Schwartz et al, 2009 ), but has also been shown to exacerbate socioeconomic inequalities in cognitive development ( Del Boca et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-school childcare and inequalities in child development

Green¹,

Pearce²,

Parkes³

et al. 2021

SSM - Population Health

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Centre-based childcare may benefit pre-school children and alleviate inequalities in early childhood development, but evidence on socio-emotional and physical health outcomes is limited. Data were from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (n = 14,376). Inverse-probability weighting was used to estimate confounder-adjusted population-average effects of centre and non-centre-based childcare (compared to parental care only) between ages 26–31 months on (age 3): internalising and externalising symptoms, pro-social behaviour, independence, emotional dysregulation, vocabulary, school readiness, and body mass index. To assess impacts on inequalities, controlled direct effects of low parental education and lone parenthood on all outcomes were estimated under two hypothetical scenarios: 1) universal take-up of centre-based childcare; and 2) parental care only. On average, non-centre based childcare improved vocabulary and centre-based care improved school readiness, with little evidence of other benefits. However, socio-economic inequalities were observed for all outcomes and were attenuated in scenario 1 (universal take-up). For example, inequalities in externalising symptoms (according to low parental education) were reduced from a confounder-adjusted standard deviation difference of 7.8 (95% confidence intervals: 6.7–8.8), to 1.7 (0.6–2.7). Inequalities by parental education in scenario 2 (parental care only) were wider than in scenario 1 for externalising symptoms (at 3.4; 2.4–4.4), and for emotional dysregulation and school readiness. Inequalities by lone parenthood, which were smaller, fell in scenario 1, and fell further in scenario 2. Universal access to centre-based pre-school care may alleviate inequalities, while restricted access (e.g. during lockdown for a pandemic such as Covid-19) may widen some inequalities in socioemotional and cognitive development.

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“…Provision of universal, cost-free and high-quality childcare has potential to reduce inequalities in children’s outcomes, giving all children a stable, nurturing and educationally stimulating setting. Several studies have shown that centre-based childcare yields greater cognitive and academic benefits for children from socio-economically disadvantaged families [9, 12, 14, 11]. Evidence in relation to socio-emotional outcomes is more mixed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differential benefits of non-centre care are also uncertain. Non-centre care by grandparents can buffer against disadvantage [17-19], and can be especially beneficial where there is only one resident parent [20], but has also been shown to exacerbate socioeconomic inequalities in cognitive development [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-school childcare and inequalities in child development

Green

Pearce

Parkes

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Centre-based childcare may benefit pre-school children and alleviate inequalities in early childhood development, but evidence on socio-emotional and physical health outcomes is limited. Data were from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (n=14,376). Inverse-probability weighting was used to estimate confounder-adjusted population-average effects of centre and non-centre-based childcare (compared to parental care only) between ages 26-31 months on (age 3): internalising and externalising symptoms, pro-social behaviour, independence, emotional dysregulation, vocabulary, school readiness, and body mass index. To assess impacts on inequalities, controlled direct effects of low parental education and lone parenthood on all outcomes were estimated under two hypothetical scenarios: 1) universal take-up of centre-based childcare; and 2) parental care only. On average, non-centre based childcare improved vocabulary and centre-based care improved school readiness, with little evidence of other benefits. However, socio-economic inequalities were observed for all outcomes and were attenuated in scenario 1 (universal take-up). For example, inequalities in externalising symptoms (according to low parental education) were reduced from a confounder-adjusted standard deviation difference of 7.8 (95% confidence intervals: 6.7, 8.8), to 1.7 (0.6, 2.7). Inequalities by parental education in scenario 2 (parental care only) were wider than in scenario 1 for externalising symptoms (at 3.4 (2.4, 4.4)), and for emotional dysregulation and school readiness. Inequalities by lone parenthood, which were smaller, fell in scenario 1, and fell further in scenario 2. Universal access to centre-based pre-school care may alleviate inequalities, while restricted access (e.g. during lockdown for a pandemic such as Covid-19) may widen some inequalities in socioemotional and cognitive development.

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The role of grandparenting in early childcare and child outcomes

Cited by 24 publications

References 31 publications

Grandparent Care: A Key Factor in Mothers’ Labour Force Participation in the UK

Grandparent Care: A Key Factor in Mothers’ Labour Force Participation in the UK

Pre-school childcare and inequalities in child development

Pre-school childcare and inequalities in child development

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