The role of grafted skin in the regeneration of X-irradiated axolotl limbs

Dunis, Daiga A.; Namenwirth, Marion

doi:10.1016/0012-1606(77)90157-9

Cited by 91 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Their results showed conclusively that not only did cells expressing GFP contribute to the blastema, i.e., underwent dedifferentiation, but also that dedifferentiated cells retained a memory of their parent cell type and redifferentiated into like cells. The one exception was dermal fibroblasts, which also differentiated as cartilage, confirming previous observations (Steen, 1968;Dunis and Namenwirth, 1977). The cartilage of the regenerate is thus derived from two sources, chondrocytes and fibroblasts.…”

Section: Origin Of Blastema Cellssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Radial intercalation from the dermis was also demonstrated by replacing the skin of an irradiated limb with normal skin. The limbs regenerated a complete skeleton and dermis (but not muscle) after amputation (Dunis and Namenwirth, 1977). Reversal of either the AP or DV axis by grafting the blastema to the contralateral limb, or reversing both axes by rotating the blastema 180 on its limb stump, confronts opposite axial poles.…”

Section: Structural Discontinuities Can Be Filled In By Intercalary Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Looking proximally and distally: 100 years of limb regeneration and beyond

Stocum

Cameron

2011

Developmental Dynamics

106

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The experimental study of amphibian limb regeneration spans most of the 20 th century and the first decade of the 21 st century. We first review the major questions investigated over this time span: (1) the origin of regeneration blastema cells, the mechanism of tissue breakdown that liberates cells from their tissue organization to participate in blastema formation, (3) the mechanism of dedifferentiation of these cells, (4) how the blastema grows, (5) how the blastema is patterned to restore the missing limb structures, and (6) why adult anurans, birds and mammals do not have the regenerative powers of urodele salamanders. We then look forward in a perspective to discuss the many unanswered questions raised by investigations of the past century, what new approaches can be taken to answer them, and what the prospects are for translation of basic research on limb regeneration into clinical means to regenerate human appendages. Developmental Dynamics 240:943-968,

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Section: Origin Of Blastema Cellssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Structural Discontinuities Can Be Filled In By Intercalary Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking proximally and distally: 100 years of limb regeneration and beyond

Stocum

Cameron

2011

Developmental Dynamics

106

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“…These limbs are inhibited from regenerating, but can be rescued by grafts of unirradiated skin. [5][6][7] The regenerated limbs are formed from graft-derived dermal fibroblasts, and have a normal pattern of skeletal and connective tissues, blood vessels and nerves, though they lack muscles. Since the stump muscles are irradiated, precluding muscle precursor cells from migrating distally into the regenerate, it follows that myogenic cells are not required to build a normal limb pattern during regeneration, in common with similar findings in developing limbs.…”

Section: Fibroblastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular basis of amphibian limb regeneration: integrating the old with the new

Gardiner

Endo

Bryant

2002

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology

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“…Many studies describe the role of the dermis in contributing to the formation of the blastema; it is distinct in this way from the epidermis, which is known to only contribute to formation of the WE (Riddiford 1960;Hay and Fischman 1961;Endo et al 2004). Cells of the dermis can give rise to multiple cell types in the regenerating limb, including cartilage and connective tissue (Dunis and Namenwirth 1977); however, the molecular signals that govern this process are not understood. Cartilage cells also have been shown to dedifferentiate to participiate in the blastema formation during limb regeneration (Steen 1968;Namenwirth 1974;Muneoka et al 1986a), but extensive studies have not been done to uncover the molecular signals involved in this process either.…”

Section: Blastema Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in signaling in vertebrate regeneration as a prelude to regenerative medicine

Stoick-Cooper¹,

Moon²,

Weidinger³

2007

Genes Dev.

275

278

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While all animals have evolved strategies to respond to injury and disease, their ability to functionally recover from loss of or damage to organs or appendages varies widely damage to skeletal muscle, but, unlike amphibians and fish, they fail to regenerate heart, lens, retina, or appendages. The relatively young field of regenerative medicine strives to develop therapies aimed at improving regenerative processes in humans and is predicated on >40 years of success with bone marrow transplants. Further progress will be accelerated by implementing knowledge about the molecular mechanisms that regulate regenerative processes in model organisms that naturally possess the ability to regenerate organs and/or appendages. In this review we summarize the current knowledge about the signaling pathways that regulate regeneration of amphibian and fish appendages, fish heart, and mammalian liver and skeletal muscle. While the cellular mechanisms and the cell types involved in regeneration of these systems vary widely, it is evident that shared signals are involved in tissue regeneration. Signals provided by the immune system appear to act as triggers of many regenerative processes. Subsequently, pathways that are best known for their importance in regulating embryonic development, in particular fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and Wnt/␤-catenin signaling (as well as others), are required for progenitor cell formation or activation and for cell proliferation and specification leading to tissue regrowth. Experimental activation of these pathways or interference with signals that inhibit regenerative processes can augment or even trigger regeneration in certain contexts.

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The role of grafted skin in the regeneration of X-irradiated axolotl limbs

Cited by 91 publications

References 12 publications

Looking proximally and distally: 100 years of limb regeneration and beyond

Looking proximally and distally: 100 years of limb regeneration and beyond

The molecular basis of amphibian limb regeneration: integrating the old with the new

Advances in signaling in vertebrate regeneration as a prelude to regenerative medicine

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