The role of ghrelin, leptin and insulin  in foetal development

Warchoł, Magdalena; Krauss, Hanna; Wojciechowska, Małgorzata; Opala, Tomasz; Pięta, Beata; Żukiewicz-Sobczak, Wioletta; Kupsz, Justyna; Grochowalska, A

doi:10.5604/1232-1966.1108603

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Consequently, ghrelin could affect growth by stimulating appetite and food intake and by altering GH secretion, subsequently affecting IGF-1 generation. Recently, it has been found that the total amount of fetal ghrelin levels is higher in comparison to the amount in adults which affirms its importance in prenatal life [16] . Moreover, it was suggested that ghrelin may serve to stimulate appetite in small fetuses to adapt to intrauterine malnutrition [17,18] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Evaluation of insulin-like growth factor-1, total ghrelin, and insulin resistance in nutritionally stunted Egyptian children

Abdou

El-Boghdady

El-Maksoud

et al. 2019

Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University

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Stunting represents a worldwide nutritional problem, which has many negative effects on child health and development. This study aimed to investigate the levels of insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1), total ghrelin and insulin resistance, as well as certain micronutrients affecting children growth and skeletal maturity in nutritionally stunted Egyptian children. Stunted children were selected to have height for age Z score (HAZ) <-2 standard deviation, whereas, control children were selected to have HAZ >-2. Stunted children were further classified according to weight for age Z score into normal and underweight groups. All stunted children exhibited significantly lower serum levels of IGF-1, Ca, and Mg compared to normal control children. Additionally, both normal weight and underweight groups showed insignificantly higher total ghrelin levels than the control values. Only stunted underweight children showed significantly lower serum Zn levels compared to control children. Meanwhile, no significant differences were observed in serum glucose and insulin levels, pancreatic beta cell function and insulin resistance between different study groups. In conclusion, these findings highlight the importance of early detection of abnormalities in growth hormone / IGF-1 axis and micronutrients levels in hope that appropriate intervention strategies could improve their status to obtain full growth potential in nutritionally stunted Egyptian children.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Evaluation of insulin-like growth factor-1, total ghrelin, and insulin resistance in nutritionally stunted Egyptian children

Abdou

El-Boghdady

El-Maksoud

et al. 2019

Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University

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“…Similar to our study, gene expression of leptin known to involve in the regulation of energy balance and appetite like nesfatin-1 was localized to specific sites in the mouse fetus by ISH. High levels of gene expression of leptin were observed in the placenta, fetal cartilage, and hair follicles in the mouse fetus at E14.5, suggesting that leptin may play a role in the growth and development of the fetus (Hoggard et al, 1997; Warchol et al, 2014). Ghrelin is also a participant in regulating the complex process of energy homeostasis by showing the opposite function of nesfatin-1 to appetite.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue-Specific Localization NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in the Liver and Heart of Mouse Fetus

Sun¹,

Yang²

2018

Dev. Reprod.

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NUCB2/nesfatin-1 is first known to be expressed in the hypothalamus while controlling appetite and energy metabolism. However, recent studies have shown that NUCB2/nesfatin-1 was expressed in the various organs as well as the hypothalamus. Our previous reports also demonstrated that NUCB2/nesfatin-1 was expressed in the ovary, testis, pituitary gland, lung, kidney, and stomach of fetal and adult mice. However, the role of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in mouse fetus remains unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether NUCB2/nestatin-1 is expressed in mouse fetus at the developmental stage in which organogenesis begins. To do this, we performed in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining to examine the distribution of NUCB2 mRNA and nesfatin-1 protein in the mouse fetal organs during early developmental stages, especially at embryonic day (E) 10.5. As a result of ISH, NUCB2 mRNA positive signals were more frequent in the liver, but there were relatively few positive signals in heart. On the other hand, no positive signals were detected in other organs. These ISH results were validated by IHC staining and qRT-PCR analysis. Expression of nesfatin-1 protein detected by IHC staining was similar to that of NUCB2 mRNA detected by ISH in the liver and heart. In addition, the levels of NUCB2 mRNA expression analyzed by qRT-PCR were significantly increased in the liver and heart compared to other organs of the mouse fetus at E13.5, whereas its level was extensively decreased in the liver, but increased in the lung, stomach, and kidney of the mouse fetus at E17.5. These results suggest that NUCB2/nesfatin-1 may play an important role in liver and heart development and physiological functions in the developmental process of mouse fetus. Further studies are needed on the function of NUCB2/nesfatin-1, which is highly expressed in the various organs, including liver and heart during mouse development.

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“…In addition, neurochemical influences have been documented in obesity. For example, diverse compounds such as peptides (ghrelin, orexin, neuropeptide Y, vasoactive intestinal peptide, cholecystokinin), hormones (melanin-concentrating hormone, leptin), and lipids are associated with obesity (Geibel et al 2014;Igarashi et al 2015;Liu et al 2010;Mallipedhi et al 2015;Monteleone et al 2016;Steiner et al 2013;Wali et al 2014;Warchol et al 2014;Zhang et al 2014). Moreover, obese individuals face a Bdouble burden^of disease, since the disease causes additional health problems, including diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, fatty liver disease, cancer, musculoskeletal disorders, breathing difficulties, risk of fractures, and psychological effects (Mollard et al 2014;Papakonstantinou et al 2013;Vucenik and Stains 2012).…”

Section: Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

CRISPR/Cas9, the Powerful New Genome-Editing Tool for Putative Therapeutics in Obesity

et al. 2018

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The molecular technology known as clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) is revolutionizing the field of medical research and deepening our understanding of numerous biological processes. The attraction of CRISPR/Cas9 lies in its ability to efficiently edit DNA or modulate gene expression in living eukaryotic cells and organisms, a technology that was once considered either too expensive or scientifically risky. CRISPR/Cas9 has been successfully applied in agriculture to develop the next generation of disease-resistant plants. Now, the capability of gene editing has been translated to the biomedical area, focusing on the future of medicine faced with drug-resistant microbes by selectively targeting genes involved in antibiotic resistance, for example, or finding the ultimate strategy for cancer or HIV. In this regard, it was recently demonstrated that an injection of cancer-fighting CRISPR-modified white blood cells in a patient suffering from metastatic lung cancer could lead to promising results. Researchers and bioethicists are debating questions about the regulation of CRISPR/Cas9 that must be addressed. While legal challenges surround the use of this technique for genetically modifying cell lines in humans, we review the basic understanding of CRISPR/Cas9 and discuss how this technology could represent a candidate for treatment of non-communicable diseases in nutrition, such as obesity.

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The role of ghrelin, leptin and insulin in foetal development

Cited by 13 publications

References 38 publications

Evaluation of insulin-like growth factor-1, total ghrelin, and insulin resistance in nutritionally stunted Egyptian children

Evaluation of insulin-like growth factor-1, total ghrelin, and insulin resistance in nutritionally stunted Egyptian children

Tissue-Specific Localization NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in the Liver and Heart of Mouse Fetus

CRISPR/Cas9, the Powerful New Genome-Editing Tool for Putative Therapeutics in Obesity

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