The role of genomics in global cancer prevention

Ginsburg, Ophira; Ashton‐Prolla, Patrícia; Cantor, Anna; Mariosa, Daniela; Brennan, Paul

doi:10.1038/s41571-020-0428-5

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 177 publications

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“…Tumor cells often potentially undergo uncontrolled and unlimited evolution which is dependent on the availability of some metabolites in the context of tumor microcosm for survival [1,2]. Several nutrients [3][4][5] have been documented to promote tumor growth through complex metabolic pathways that are modulated by environmental factors, lifestyle changes, genetic predispositions, cellular interactions, and metabolic manipulations [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Branched-chain Amino Acid Metabolism in Tumor Development and Progression

et al. 2021

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Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), isoleucine, leucine and valine, are essential amino acids with vital roles in protein synthesis and energy production. We reviewed the fundamentals of BCAA metabolism in advanced cancer patients. BCAAs and various catabolic products act as signalling molecules, which activate mechanisms ranging from protein synthesis to insulin secretion. Recently, BCAA metabolism has been suggested to contribute to cancer progression. Of particular interest is the modulation of the mTOR activity by BCAAs. There are likely multiple pathways involved in BCAA metabolism implicated in carcinogenesis. Understanding the mechanism(s) underlying altered BCAAs metabolism will significantly advance the current understanding of nutrient involvement in carcinogenesis and direct future studies to unravel the significance of BCCA metabolites in tumor development and progression.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Branched-chain Amino Acid Metabolism in Tumor Development and Progression

et al. 2021

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“…Monitoring of individuals who have been exposed to high doses of environmental genotoxins, such as cancer survivors, may help to assess risk of developing cancer. In addition to targeted assessment of potential risk groups, large scale cancer genomic datasets should focus on obtaining the most diverse dataset possible, as such a dataset will capture a wider variety of cancer-causing exposures ( Balmain, 2020 ; Ginsburg et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mutagenic Impact of Environmental Exposures in Human Cells and Cancer: Imprints Through Time

2021

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During life, the DNA of our cells is continuously exposed to external damaging processes. Despite the activity of various repair mechanisms, DNA damage eventually results in the accumulation of mutations in the genomes of our cells. Oncogenic mutations are at the root of carcinogenesis, and carcinogenic agents are often highly mutagenic. Over the past decade, whole genome sequencing data of healthy and tumor tissues have revealed how cells in our body gradually accumulate mutations because of exposure to various mutagenic processes. Dissection of mutation profiles based on the type and context specificities of the altered bases has revealed a variety of signatures that reflect past exposure to environmental mutagens, ranging from chemotherapeutic drugs to genotoxic gut bacteria. In this review, we discuss the latest knowledge on somatic mutation accumulation in human cells, and how environmental mutagenic factors further shape the mutation landscapes of tissues. In addition, not all carcinogenic agents induce mutations, which may point to alternative tumor-promoting mechanisms, such as altered clonal selection dynamics. In short, we provide an overview of how environmental factors induce mutations in the DNA of our healthy cells and how this contributes to carcinogenesis. A better understanding of how environmental mutagens shape the genomes of our cells can help to identify potential preventable causes of cancer.

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“…El cáncer se ha definido como un conjunto de enfermedades heterogéneas caracterizadas por la presencia de alteraciones a nivel genético y epigenético que afectan los mecanismos celulares regulatorios y de homeostasis, tales como el crecimiento, la división y la diferenciación celular, entre otros (Ginsburg et al, 2020). Los factores que originan el cáncer han sido motivo de estudio durante varios años y se sabe que existen diferentes factores de riesgo involucrados en su desarrollo, tales como la edad (Rizzi et al, 2020), las infecciones virales (Golrokh Mofrad et al, 2020;Nelson & Benson, 2017), la exposición a radiación (Akbani et al, 2015), la exposición a contaminantes ambientales (Hwang et al, 2020), y la dieta (AlHilli & Bae-Jump, 2020;Lien & Vander Heiden, 2019), entre otros, siendo esta última un factor que ha adquirido gran importancia en los últimos años (Steck & Murphy, 2020), debido a que se ha observado que los cambios en la dieta pueden originar predisposición al desarrollo de cáncer, o por el contrario, ofrecer efectos protectores contra este padecimiento.…”

Section: Cáncerunclassified

La Hologenómica y su relación con el cáncer

Arriaga-Canon¹,

Contreras-Espinosa²,

Manríquez³

et al. 2021

RECEIN

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Un holobionte es considerado una entidad biológica asociada en simbiosis con microorganismos que complementan sus vías metabólicas, sus funciones fisiológicas y su variación genética. El término hologenoma se refiere a todo el contenido genético del holobionte, es decir, a la suma del genoma del hospedero, sus organelos junto con los genomas del microbioma que lo componen. En la actualidad se ha establecido que existe una relación entre el desarrollo de enfermedades y el microbioma de los humanos, por lo que en esta revisión se describirá el papel del hologenoma en el cáncer y las técnicas de secuenciación masiva en paralelo aplicadas en la hologenómica. El estudio de la hologenómica junto con las tecnologías en secuenciación y bionformática proporcionará información relevante para el desarrollo de nuevas herramientas diagnósticas y su posterior aplicación en la práctica clínica.

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The role of genomics in global cancer prevention

Cited by 27 publications

References 177 publications

Role of Branched-chain Amino Acid Metabolism in Tumor Development and Progression

Role of Branched-chain Amino Acid Metabolism in Tumor Development and Progression

The Mutagenic Impact of Environmental Exposures in Human Cells and Cancer: Imprints Through Time

La Hologenómica y su relación con el cáncer

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