The Role of Genes and Environment in the Etiology of PCOS

Abstract

Both genes and the environment contribute to PCOS. Obesity, exacerbated by poor dietary choices and physical inactivity, worsens PCOS in susceptible individuals. The role of other environmental modifiers such as infectious agents or toxins are speculative. Phenotype confusion has characterized genetic studies of PCOS. Although several loci have been proposed as PCOS genes including CYP11A, the insulin gene, the follistatin gene, and a region near the insulin receptor, the evidence supporting linkage is not overwhelming. The strongest case can be made for the region near the insulin receptor gene (but not involving this gene), as it has been identified in two separate studies, and perhaps most importantly has not yet been refuted by larger studies. However, the responsible gene at chromosome 19p13.3 remains to be identified. To date, no gene has been identified that causes or contributes substantially to the development of a PCOS phenotype.

To Study The Status of LH: FSH Ratio in Obese And Non-Obese Patients of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

“…[2,3]. It is due to combination of genetic and environmental factors [4].It is the most common endocrine disorder among women between the age of 18 and 44 years [5]. It affects approximately 2-20% of this age group depending on how it is defined [6,7].…”

Relationship of insulin resistance with recurrent pregnancy loss

“…14,15 Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)is a complex, heterogenous disorder of uncertain etiology but now a days there are strong evidence that it can be classified as a genetic disease. [16][17][18] It is thought to be leading causes of female subfertility and the most frequent endocrine problem in women of reproductive age. [19][20][21][22] There are some reports of high recurrent spontaneous miscarriage rate in overweight, obese, infertile women treated by ART.…”

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins are Significantly Reduced in the Follicular Fluid of Han Chinese Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients

“…The process of follicle maturation and ovulation is a complex process regulated by a number of hormones and growth factors via endocrine and paracrine mechanisms [23,24]. Understanding expression levels of these factors as well as their mutual interplays will undoubtedly further our knowledge of this disease, offer insight into the mechanism of PCOS pathogenesis, and help identify novel targets for clinical intervention.…”