The Role of Gender in the Associations Among Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, Anger, and Aggression in Russian Adolescents

Isaksson, Johan; Sukhodolsky, Denis G.; Koposov, Roman; Stickley, Andrew; Ruchkin, Vladislav

doi:10.1002/jts.22502

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…As concerns gender differences in traumatized individuals in response to hypothetical peer provocation, girls with clinical PTS reported that they would more likely avoid conflict and less likely react with verbal aggression, whereas boys with PTS indicated that they would less likely avoid conflict and more likely become verbally aggressive. These findings are consistent with the role that gender plays in the expression of aggression in relation to PTS ( Isaksson et al, 2020 ). Boys and girls tend to differ not only in the magnitude of PTS, but also in the types of behavioral outcomes of trauma that may subsequently develop.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…However, as yet, research about the effects of PTS on perceived interpersonal provocation, especially in different cross-cultural contexts, has been limited. Similar to US youth, previous studies with Russian adolescents suggest that PTS may have an important impact on anger, anger rumination, and aggression (Isaksson et al, 2020) and that there may be significant gender differences in aggression and conflict resolution patterns, with boys scoring higher on physical aggression (Butovskaya et al, 2007), especially in the presence of PTS symptoms (Isaksson et al, 2020). There are also consistent similarities in findings on anger and the associations of anger to aggression in Russian adolescents and young adults (Kassinove et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

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Posttraumatic Stress and Perceived Interpersonal Provocation in Adolescents

Saunderson

Stickley

Sturidsson

et al. 2022

J Interpers Violence

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Objective: To examine the impact of posttraumatic stress on the choice of responses to and attribution of intentionality in peer provocation in adolescent boys and girls. Methods: A sample of 2678 adolescents from Northern Russia, aged 13–17 years (59.3% female; 95.7% ethnic Russian) completed self-reports on posttraumatic stress and rated hypothetical peer provocation scenarios that teenagers can encounter in their daily lives. Results: Adolescents with clinically significant levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms ( n=184 (6.8%)) reported a different pattern of reactions to peer provocation as compared to all other adolescents. Boys and girls with high levels of posttraumatic symptoms reported that they would be less likely to discuss conflict situations and more likely to react with physical aggression. Compared to their male counterparts, girls with high levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms were more likely to endorse hostile intentions, avoid provocations, and were less likely to endorse verbally aggressive responses. In provocation scenarios that involved physical aggression, girls with high levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms were less likely to endorse verbal aggressive responses and more likely to endorse physically aggressive responses than girls without clinically significant levels of posttraumatic symptoms. Girls with high levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms were also more likely to avoid socially aggressive situations than non-traumatized girls, whereas boys had an opposite pattern. Conclusions: High levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms may play a significant role in the endorsement of aggressive reactions in conflicts with peers and patterns of reactions may be gender-specific. A history of posttraumatic stress should be carefully evaluated in children and adolescents seeking treatment for aggressive behavior.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Posttraumatic Stress and Perceived Interpersonal Provocation in Adolescents

Saunderson

Stickley

Sturidsson

et al. 2022

J Interpers Violence

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“…The possible total score ranges from 9 to 36; higher scores indicate more social aggression. The construct of social aggression is distinct from the measures of physical and verbal aggression and the scale has also previously shown good psychometric properties with Russian adolescents [50]. Cronbach's α for the scale in this study was .83.…”

Section: Anger and Aggressionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…The possible total score could range from 0 to 30 with higher scores indicating more aggression. These scales have demonstrated good psychometric properties with Russian adolescents previously [50]. Cronbach's alphas for the scales were respectively .80 and .82.…”

Section: Anger and Aggressionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Depressive symptoms and their associations with anger and aggression in Russian adolescents

Ruchkin

Stickley

Koposov

et al. 2023

Preprint

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This study investigated the prevalence of clinically significant (current major depressive episode) and subthreshold depressive symptoms and explored their association with aggression and anger, while controlling for comorbid mental health problems in a general population sample of adolescents from Northern Russia. The sample consisted of 2600 participants, aged 13–17 years (59.3% female; 95.7% ethnic Russian). Symptoms of a major depressive episode, types of anger and aggression (anger rumination, trait anger, physical, verbal and social aggression) and comorbid problems (posttraumatic stress, alcohol use, anxiety, and hyperactivity/impulsivity) were assessed by means of self-reports. The prevalence of a clinically significant depressive episode in the past month was 3.5%, while for subthreshold depression it was 21.6%. All anger and aggression variables, as well as comorbid problems increased together with increasing levels of depression. When adjusting for comorbidity, depression was only significantly associated with social aggression and anger rumination. Among adolescents with depression, boys reported higher levels of social and verbal aggression and of anger rumination than girls. Overt aggressive behavior associated with depression was primarily explained by comorbid mental health problems, whereas anger rumination and social aggression had more direct associations with depression, independent of comorbidity and were gender-specific. The results of this study suggest that interventions aiming to reduce aggressive behavior in adolescents should consider depression and its comorbid conditions.

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“…All of the measures used in the current study were validated in the US, including the CVE measures, and had also been used extensively in other settings internationally, including the countries included in our study (23,(48)(49)(50)(51).…”

Section: Witnessing and Victimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community Violence Exposure and School Functioning in Youth: Cross-Country and Gender Perspectives

Koposov

Isaksson

Vermeiren

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Background: Many children and adolescents experience violent events which can be associated with negative consequences for their development, mental health, school, and social functioning. However, findings between settings and on the role of gender have been inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate cross-country and gender differences in the relationship between community violence exposure (CVE) and school functioning in a sample of youths from three countries.Methods: A self-report survey was conducted among school students (12–17 years old) in Belgium (Antwerp, N = 4,743), Russia (Arkhangelsk, N = 2,823), and the US (New Haven, N = 4,101). Students were recruited from within classes that were randomly selected from within schools that had themselves been randomly selected (excepting New Haven, where all students were included). CVE was assessed with the Screening Survey of Exposure to Community Violence. School functioning was assessed with four measures: the Perceived Teacher Support scale, Negative Classroom Environment scale, and Academic Motivation and Perception of Safety at School scales. Multivariate Analyses of Covariance were performed to assess differences in the levels of school-related problem behaviors in boys and girls, who reported different degrees of CVE.Results: Participants in all three countries reported a relatively high prevalence of violence exposure (36.2% in Belgium, 39.3% in Russia and 45.2% in the US who witnessed violence), with a higher proportion of girls than boys witnessing violent events (varied from 37.4 to 51.6% between the countries), whereas boys reported more episodes of victimization by violence than girls (varied from 32.3 to 49.9% between the countries). Youths who experienced increased CVE (from no exposure to witnessing to victimization) reported an increase in all school functioning problems in all of the countries and this association was not gender-specific.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that regardless of differences in the level of CVE by country and gender, violence exposure is negatively associated with school functioning across countries. Nonetheless, even though reactions to community violence among adolescents may be expressed in a similar fashion, cross-country differences in social support systems should also be taken into account in order to provide culturally sensitive treatment modalities.

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The Role of Gender in the Associations Among Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, Anger, and Aggression in Russian Adolescents

Cited by 9 publications

References 72 publications

Posttraumatic Stress and Perceived Interpersonal Provocation in Adolescents

Posttraumatic Stress and Perceived Interpersonal Provocation in Adolescents

Depressive symptoms and their associations with anger and aggression in Russian adolescents

Community Violence Exposure and School Functioning in Youth: Cross-Country and Gender Perspectives

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