The Role of Gender and Other Socioeconomic Factors in the Adoption of the Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia Vaccine: A Literature Review

A Qualitative Study on Gendered Barriers to Livestock Vaccine Uptake in Kenya and Uganda and Their Implications on Rift Valley Fever Control

“…However, due to lengthy distances to vaccination points, farmers kept away. This finding resonated with Waithanji et al [31] who reported that farmers may avoid having their animals vaccinated if set vaccination schedules interfered with herding patterns; would expose the animals to raid risk, and if the animals had poor body condition. For farmers in Murang’a, Ibanda, and Kwale, a concern related to animals from different households congregating was the possibility of disease spread through animal contact and using a single needle to vaccinate many animals whose health status was unknown.…”

“…Among the identified barriers to vaccine uptake, costs emerged as a challenge in each case study as well as the greatest barrier for Arua, Ibanda, and Murang’a farmers. Cost becomes a critical determinant of vaccine uptake since in households where livestock vaccination costs are higher than available disposable income, farmers may forfeit vaccination or only have part of their animals vaccinated [31,32,33,34]. A study on the uptake of the Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) vaccine in Kenya demonstrated that wealth levels in terms of herd sizes and access to alternative income sources were an important determinant of farmer ability to adopt the technology [31].…”

“…Cost becomes a critical determinant of vaccine uptake since in households where livestock vaccination costs are higher than available disposable income, farmers may forfeit vaccination or only have part of their animals vaccinated [31,32,33,34]. A study on the uptake of the Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) vaccine in Kenya demonstrated that wealth levels in terms of herd sizes and access to alternative income sources were an important determinant of farmer ability to adopt the technology [31]. While both men and women farmers raised the concern of costs, more men than women farmers identified it as a concern since they (men farmers) predominantly bore costs associated with livestock disease management.…”

“…This indicates a need to explain to farmers the possible side effects before vaccination as none or partial disclosure may have a negative influence on farmer attitudes towards vaccines in future. Perceptions of the possible effects of a vaccine can affect its acceptability [31,37]. If a product causes disease, it introduces product mistrust and can lead to a higher rejection rate compared to the harm caused [31].…”

“…Perceptions of the possible effects of a vaccine can affect its acceptability [31,37]. If a product causes disease, it introduces product mistrust and can lead to a higher rejection rate compared to the harm caused [31]. Such experiences can also become sources of negative publicity against a specific vaccine and vaccines in general at the community level.…”