The Role of Gangliosides in Neurodevelopment

Palmano, Kate; Rowan, Angela; Guillermo, Rozey; Guan, Jian; McJarrow, Paul

doi:10.3390/nu7053891

Cited by 141 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 155 publications

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“…They are found predominately in nervous tissue and are particularly abundant in the brain, forming 10-12% of the lipid matter [1]. The brain grows rapidly, much faster than that of other body tissue, and by 2 years of age, the brain reaches about 80% of its adult weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between dietary intake and serum ganglioside concentrations: a cross-sectional study among Malaysian toddlers

et al. 2016

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Background: Gangliosides are a group of sialylglycosphingolipids, widely distributed in body tissues, mainly as components of plasma membranes. They play crucial roles in neurodevelopment, gut maturation, and immune system. Dietary gangliosides have been shown to bring about benefits including cognition and immune support for breastfed infants. There is dearth of studies on dietary gangliosides intake or plasma ganglioside levels for toddlers. Given toddlers are still growing rapidly, a good understanding of ganglioside intake during this early childhood period is important for future dietary recommendations. The aim of this study was to provide information on dietary ganglioside intake in Malaysian toddlers and correlations with serum ganglioside levels. Methods: Toddlers who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited from the Federal Territory of Putrajaya and neighboring urban suburbs. Background characteristics and food intake using food frequency questionnaire were collected for the entire sample (n = 153). As for ganglioside correlation determination, a 2 day weighed food record was conducted on a sub-group who provided blood (n = 74). Ganglioside levels in the food and blood were determined using modern high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method. Results: The average dietary intake of total gangliosides for the Malaysian toddlers (aged 12-24.5 months) was 5.86 ± 0.56 mg/day. Growing up milks had a wide ganglioside concentration range (0.03 11.4 mg/100 g), and were the major contributor to dietary ganglioside intake (85%). The remaining dietary gangliosides were provided by other dairy products, meat, fish, bakery and biscuits. Serum levels varied from 5.05 μg/mL to 16.15 μg/mL. While no significant correlation was observed between dietary ganglioside intake from growing up milks and serum ganglioside levels in the toddlers, there was a significant but weak correlation between dietary ganglioside intake from dairy products (r = 0.241; p = 0.038) and meat (r = 0.294; p = 0.010) with serum ganglioside levels Conclusions: Gangliosides are a component of the Malaysian toddlers' diet (5.68 ± 0.56 mg/day), and were measured in their plasma at levels ranging from 5.05 to 16.15 μg/mL. Growing up milk contributed to 85% of the total dietary gangliosides intake, with remaining contributions from chicken meat and fish. More studies should be undertaken on the contributions of dietary gangliosides, including breast milk, in bringing about health benefits to young children.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between dietary intake and serum ganglioside concentrations: a cross-sectional study among Malaysian toddlers

et al. 2016

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“…By modulating ion channel function and receptor signaling, gangliosides play an important role in neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission [reviewed by Palmano et al . (3)]. Metabolic genetic blocks in processing and catabolism of gangliosides result in the development of gangliosidoses dominated by CNS involvement, including marked neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.…”

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Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides

et al. 2017

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Gangliosides (sialylated glycolipids) play an essential role in the CNS by regulating recognition and signaling in neurons. Metabolic blocks in processing and catabolism of gangliosides result in the development of severe neurologic disorders, including gangliosidoses manifesting with neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. We demonstrate that 2 mammalian enzymes, neuraminidases 3 and 4, play important roles in catabolic processing of brain gangliosides by cleaving terminal sialic acid residues in their glycan chains. In neuraminidase 3 and 4 double-knockout mice, G ganglioside is stored in microglia, vascular pericytes, and neurons, causing micro- and astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, accumulation of lipofuscin bodies, and memory loss, whereas their cortical and hippocampal neurons have lower rate of neuritogenesis Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of G ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons. Furthermore, neuraminidase 3 deficiency drastically increased storage of G in the brain tissues of an asymptomatic mouse model of Tay-Sachs disease, a severe human gangliosidosis, indicating that this enzyme is responsible for the metabolic bypass of β-hexosaminidase A deficiency. Together, our results provide the first evidence that neuraminidases 3 and 4 have important roles in CNS function by catabolizing gangliosides and preventing their storage in lipofuscin bodies.-Pan, X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides.

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“…20 There is growing evidence from different animal models supporting the importance of dietary gangliosides for optimal brain development during early life and optimal brain function throughout life. 21 Cholesterol is essential and rate-limiting for the development of myelin in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and is involved in the differentiation of myelinating glial cells, in the process of myelin membrane biogenesis and in the functionality of mature myelin. 22 In elderly humans, total serum cholesterol concentration was positively correlated to cognitive function.…”

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confidence: 99%

Clinical Benefits of Milk Fat Globule Membranes for Infants and Children

Hernell

Timby

Domellöf

et al. 2016

The Journal of Pediatrics

149

105

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The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) in breast milk contains many bioactive components. Infant formulas traditionally have been devoid of the MFGM fraction, but dairy technology now has made the addition of bovine MFGM technically feasible. We identified 6 double-blinded randomized controlled trials exploring the effects of MFGM supplementation on the diets of infants or children. Results suggest that supplementation is safe and indicate positive effects on both neurodevelopment and defense against infections. MFGM supplementation of infant formula may narrow the gap in cognitive performance and infection rates between breastfed and formula-fed infants. Because of the small number of studies and the heterogeneity of interventions, more high-quality double-blinded randomized controlled trials are needed, with well characterized and clearly defined MFGM fractions, before firm conclusions on the effects of MFGM supplementation on the health and development of infants can be drawn.

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The Role of Gangliosides in Neurodevelopment

Cited by 141 publications

References 155 publications

Correlation between dietary intake and serum ganglioside concentrations: a cross-sectional study among Malaysian toddlers

Correlation between dietary intake and serum ganglioside concentrations: a cross-sectional study among Malaysian toddlers

Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides

Clinical Benefits of Milk Fat Globule Membranes for Infants and Children

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