The role of galectins‑1, 3, 7, 8 and 9 as potential diagnostic and therapeutic markers in ovarian cancer (Review)

Abstract

The incidence of ovarian cancer is increasing, particularly throughout the highly developed countries, while this cancer type remains a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The currently poorly recognized lectins called galectins have various roles in interactions occurring in the tumor microenvironment. Galectins are involved in tumor-associated processes, including the promotion of growth, adhesion, angiogenesis and survival of tumor cells. results of research studies performed so far point to a complex role of galectins-1, 3, -7, -8 and -9 in carcinogenesis of ovarian cancer and elucidation of the mechanisms may contribute to novel forms of therapies targeting the proteins. in particular, it appears important to recognize the reasons for changes in expression of galectins. Galectins also appear to be a useful diagnostic and prognostic tool to evaluate tumor progression or the efficacy of therapies in patients with ovarian cancer, which requires further study.

Anti-angiogenic therapy in ovarian cancer: Current understandings and prospects of precision medicine

“…Apart from the factors described above, there are still several pro-angiogenic factors contribute to angiogenesis in OC. Galectins are a class of endogenous lectins, whose family members have been reported to correlate with cancer stage and disease recurrence of OC patients, as well as the proliferation, migration, invasion of OC cells ( Shimada et al, 2020 ; Mielczarek-Palacz et al, 2022 ). Among them, Galectin-1 was the first identified and the most intensively studied member, which is an important proangiogenic factor in several types of carcinomas.…”

Investigation of Phosphorylated and O-Glycosylated Proteins in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

“…In contrast, apolipoprotein C-III (P02656) showed highest potential for phosphorylation (more than 90%). The family of Galectin proteins has been found to be involved in different pathological pregnancies such as GDM, preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction and preterm birth (Chen et al 2022), and Galectin-1, which has been found to be upregulated in GDM (Lapolla & Traldi 2022), has been suggested to act as a prognostic marker in epithelial ovarian cancer (Mielczarek-Palacz et al 2022). These findings indicate the importance of understanding the role of the different proteins involved in GDM.…”

Hubungan Antara Ekspresi Galectin-3 Dengan Stadium Figo Dan Derajat Diferensiasi Pada Karsinoma Ovarium Tipe Serus Di Rsup Prof. Dr. I. G. N. G. Ngoerah Denpasar

“…Dengan demikian, galectin-3 memicu aktivitas angiogenesis dari vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) dan basic fibroblast growth factor https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eum 112 doi:10.24843.MU.2023.V12.i5.P16 (bFGF), serta mempromosikan focal adhesion kinase phosphorilation. 18,19 Sebagai regulator penting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, galectin-3 juga dapat mengaktivasi epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT) sel tumor berkenaan dengan invasi dan metastasis kanker. 6 EMT merupakan kondisi dimana sel normal kehilangan gambaran sel epitelnya dan kehilangan sifat adhesinya dan memperoleh karakteristik mesenkimal, yang memungkinkan sel epitel untuk bermigrasi ke lingkungan yang baru serta memungkinkan sel tumor untuk mencapai kemampuan invasi dan metastasis.…”

“…Protein ini juga berikatan dengan K-Ras yang teraktivasi, mengaktivasi antiapoptotic survival pathway K-Ras/phosphatidylinositol 3kinase (PI3K)/Akt dan K-Ras/Raf-1/MEK, dan hal ini berdampak terhadap kejadian kemoresisten. 18,24 Galectin-3 menyebabkan aktivasi abnormal NF-kappa B signaling (NF-κB) pathway yang berdampak pada proses perkembangan karsinoma epitelial ovarium, namun peranan galectin-3 dan NF-κB signalling pathway masih belum jelas. 23 Selain NF-κB signalling pathway, galectin-3 juga mampu memediasi aktivasi abnormal Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway pada KOS.…”