Abstract:This study assesses the role of freedom of communication in modulating the effect of political participation on electoral outcomes in Africa since the turn of the 21st century. The freedom of communication is proxied in terms of freedom of academics and cultural expression, freedom of speech, the freedom to express one's opinion, and men's and women's freedom of communication. After adopting robust cross‐sectional dependence estimates of the Driscoll/Kraay strategy, the findings reveal that freedom of communic… Show more
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