The role of free-living protozoa in protecting foodborne pathogens

Vaerewijck, Mario; Houf, Kurt

doi:10.1533/9781782421153.1.81

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Phyllosphere protists are characterized by diurnal life cycles usually with active periods of a few hours at nighttime when dew accumulates on plant leaves (Mueller and Mueller, 1970). Although the occurrence of phyllosphere protists has long been recognized (Bamforth, 1973), they have been studied until now in terms of their potential as human pathogens or vectors of bacterial pathogens on vegetables (Ciurea-Van Saanen, 1981;Napolitano, 1982;Rude et al, 1983;Napolitano and Collettieggolt, 1984;Gourabathini et al, 2008;Vaerewijck et al, 2011;Vaerewijck and Houf, 2014), while their function as bacterivores remained unknown. This is a thoughtful failing knowing that bacteria from the aboveground surface of plants are known to regulate leaf surface characteristics by the production of surfactants (Schreiber et al, 2005), phytohormones (Lindow and Brandl, 2003) and toxins (Blanvillain et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grazing of leaf‐associated Cercomonads (Protists: Rhizaria: Cercozoa) structures bacterial community composition and function

Flues

Bass

Bonkowski

2017

Environmental Microbiology

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Preferential food selection in protists is well documented, but we still lack basic understanding on how protist predation modifies the taxonomic and functional composition of bacterial communities. We conducted feeding trials using leaf-associated cercomonad Cercozoa by incubating them on a standardized, diverse bacterial community washed from plant leaves. We used a shotgun metagenomics approach to investigate the taxonomic and functional changes of the bacterial community after five days protist predation on bacteria. Predation-induced shifts in bacterial community composition could be linked to phenotypic protist traits. Protist reproduction rate, morphological plasticity and cell speed were most important in determining bacterial community composition. Analyses of co-occurrence patterns showed less complex correlations between bacterial taxa in the protist-grazed treatments with a higher proportion of positive correlations than in non-grazed controls, suggesting that predation reduced the influence of strong competitors. Protist predation influenced 14 metabolic core functions including membrane transport from which type VI secretion systems were in particular upregulated. In view of the functional importance of bacterial communities in the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of plants, a more detailed understanding of predator-prey interactions, changes in microbial composition and function, and subsequent repercussions on plant performance are clearly required.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grazing of leaf‐associated Cercomonads (Protists: Rhizaria: Cercozoa) structures bacterial community composition and function

Flues

Bass

Bonkowski

2017

Environmental Microbiology

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“…The presence of a broad variety of protist taxa on plant leaves is well documented, but phyllosphere protists have been mainly studied with respect to food safety, either as potential vectors of pathogenic bacteria or as potential human pathogens (Ciurea-Van Saanen 1981;Gourabathini et al 2008;Napolitano 1982;Napolitano and Colletti-Eggolt 1984;Rude et al 1983;Vaerewijck and Houf 2014;Vaerewijck et al 2011). No molecular study targeting phyllosphere protists has been conducted to date.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Napolitano ; Napolitano and Colletti‐Eggolt ; Rude et al. ; Vaerewijck and Houf ; Vaerewijck et al. ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High Diversity Revealed in Leaf‐Associated Protists (Rhizaria: Cercozoa) of Brassicaceae

Ploch

Rose

Bass

et al. 2016

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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The largest biological surface on earth is formed by plant leaves. These leaf surfaces are colonized by a specialized suite of leaf‐inhabiting microorganisms, recently termed “phyllosphere microbiome”. Microbial prey, however, attract microbial predators. Protists in particular have been shown to structure bacterial communities on plant surfaces, but virtually nothing is known about the community composition of protists on leaves. Using newly designed specific primers targeting the 18S rDNA gene of Cercozoa, we investigated the species richness of this common protist group on leaves of four Brassicaceae species from two different locations in a cloning‐based approach. The generated sequences revealed a broad diversity of leaf‐associated Cercozoa, mostly bacterial feeders, but also including known plant pathogens and a taxon of potential endophytes that were recently described as algal predators in freshwater systems. This initial study shows that protists must be regarded as an integral part of the microbial diversity in the phyllosphere of plants.

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“…That includes the sarcodina (ameba), mastigophora (flagellates), ciliophora (ciliates) and the Sporozoa. 4,5 Many parasitic diseases are known to clinicians and public health professionals, which includes trichomoniasis, babesiosis, malaria, toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis, african sleeping sickness, giardiasis and amoebiasis. 6 Giardiasis is transmitted through oral contact and caused by Giardia lamblia and known as intestinal protozoan diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Effects of Thymoquinone on Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia.

Sheikh¹,

Taha²,

Koko³

et al. 2016

phcogj

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Background: Parasitic infections are a major difficulty in tropical and subtropical countries. Traditionally medicinal plants have been used in folk medicine to treat parasitic infections and are a valuable source of novel anti-parasitics. Objective: In our search for therapeutic alternatives to anti-protozoal chemotherapy, thymoquinone, the active ingredient of Black cumin (Nigella sativa) was examined. Materials and Methods: Thymoquinone was tested against Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia using in vitro susceptibility assays and the mortality of the parasites were then obtained using the standard calculations. The compound was also tested for 48 and 72 hours on both parasites. Results: The current study indicate that the mortality of TQ showed 85.5%, 91.5% and 96.8% mortality on E. histolytica for 25 ppm at 24 hr, 48 and 72 hr, respectively, with IC 50 2¥10-19 ,. On the other hand, this natural compound showed a mortality of 82.83%, 91.76% and 96.62% mortality on G. lamblia for 25 ppm at 24 hr, 48 and 72 hr, respectively, with IC 50 4.8¥10-5. Metrondizole powder gave 70.9% mortality at 156 ppm at the same times. Conclusion: The current results indicate that TQ is more potent on E. histolytica compared to G. lamblia. Further pharmacological studies were needed to help in the clinical presentation of thymoquinone.

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The role of free-living protozoa in protecting foodborne pathogens

Cited by 4 publications

References 87 publications

Grazing of leaf‐associated Cercomonads (Protists: Rhizaria: Cercozoa) structures bacterial community composition and function

Grazing of leaf‐associated Cercomonads (Protists: Rhizaria: Cercozoa) structures bacterial community composition and function

High Diversity Revealed in Leaf‐Associated Protists (Rhizaria: Cercozoa) of Brassicaceae

Antimicrobial Effects of Thymoquinone on Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia.

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