The role of food chain in antimicrobial resistance spread and One Health approach to reduce risks

Sagar, Prarthi; Azeem, Ajmal; Banjara, Santosh Kumar; Veleri, Shobi

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110148

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Generally, raw vegetables, salads included, are capable of supporting bacterial growth due to their high water, neutral pH, and nutrient content. Crosscontamination is one of the main causes of the microbiological contamination of RTES at various points, from farming through preparation to the distribution chain [8,9], resulting in food-borne disease outbreaks [23,24]. Therefore, cautious and minimal handling of such produce and cleanliness of equipment and premises are important [11,13,16].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the spread of antibiotic resistance through the food chain is also a global health concern [8]. Not only because antibiotics are used in aquaculture, agriculture, and veterinary medicine, but also because antibioticresistant bacteria and genes can simply spread through the food chain [8][9][10]. Currently, different types of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms have been found in both food products and humans [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacteriological Quality of Ready to Eat Vegetable Salads Vended in Ilala District Markets and Antibiotic Sensitivity Profiles of Isolated Contaminant Bacteria

Naftali,

Mwambete

2023

J. Pharm. Res. Int.

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Aim: To determine level of bacterial contaminants and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of bacteria isolated from read-to-eat salads (RTES). Study Design: An experimental cross-sectional study was conducted in three localities of Ilala District in Dar es Salaam (Tanzania). Methodology: Twenty-four RTES samples were bought from randomly chosen fast food centers. RTE salads were analyzed at the Pharmaceutical Microbiology Laboratory. The total viable counts (TVC) were determined, and the standard procedures for microbial identification were performed and confirmed by physiological tests. The identified microbial contaminants were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity testing (AST) using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Six widely used antibiotics: amoxicillin (AX25), sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim-(SXT-25), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC30), gentamicin (CN5), ciprofloxacin (C5), and chloramphenicol (C30) were used for the AST. Results: The TVC of isolated bacterial contaminants ranged from 106 to 108 cfu/g, which was above the acceptable standard limit and unfit for human consumption. Five bacterial species comprised of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella oxytoca were isolated and subjected to the AST. All bacteria were resistant to AMC30. Escherichia coli was isolated from 10% of the RTES. Association between bio-burden and antibiotic resistance was observed. Conclusion: The RTES harbored contaminant bacteria beyond acceptable limits. The predominant contaminants were P. aeruginosa and E. coli. One-fifth of the samples contained E. coli, indication of poor sanitation. All the isolated bacteria were resistant to AMC30. Prompt measures are required to curb the spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriological Quality of Ready to Eat Vegetable Salads Vended in Ilala District Markets and Antibiotic Sensitivity Profiles of Isolated Contaminant Bacteria

Naftali,

Mwambete

2023

J. Pharm. Res. Int.

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“…The incidence of AMR due to the consumption of food of animal origin containing antibiotic residues may adversely affect public health and may be ineffective in clinical practice. One such adverse outcome is cancer [26][27][28]. A complicated and diverse problem known as AMR results when microbes become resistant to medications intended to eradicate them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid testing of antibiotic residues to increase food safety awareness of animal origin

Widiasih,

Pratama,

Drastini

et al. 2023

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Antibiotics are used to improve growth, reduce disease, and decrease mortality in animals grown for food. The government regulates and prohibits the use of antibiotics, in particular, the use of antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) in livestock; however, it is not yet known whether the use of antibiotics is in accordance with regulations so that there are no antibiotic residues in food of animal origin. To ensure food safety of animal origin and to raise awareness of food safety, it is necessary to detect antibiotic residues in fish, eggs, and chicken meat from Yogyakarta Special Province through monitoring and monitoring. To ensure food safety and regulatory compliance in food samples, antibiotic residue screening techniques are essential. A number of methods, such as time-consuming and costly chromatographic and spectroscopic methods, have been developed for the detection of antibiotic residues in food samples; however, not all laboratories have these facilities. Therefore, a rapid diagnosis of food of animal origin is required. The purpose of this study was to rapidly test antibiotic residues by using Premi®test kits (R-Biopharm AG, Germany) to increase awareness of food safety of animal origin. Materials and Methods: We tested 345 animal-based food samples from traditional markets, supermarkets, and central markets in five districts of Yogyakarta Special Province for antibiotic residues using rapid test kits and observation questionnaires to identify risk factors. Results: The presence of antibiotic residues in food-animal origin samples from the Yogyakarta region had an antibiotic residue level of 9.28% (32/345), consisting of fish samples 11.3% (18/97), eggs 15.65% (1/114), and chicken meat samples 0.87% (13/102). The highest percentage of samples positive for residual antibiotics was 21.9% (7/32) from supermarket meat samples. The highest amounts of antibiotic residues were found in fish samples collected from Sleman Regency, up to 25% (8/32), whereas in supermarket fish samples, there were as high as 18.8% (6/32). Conclusion: Antibiotic residues in animal-based food can be attributed to various factors, including product source, transportation conditions, and environmental conditions. The widespread distribution of antibiotic residues in fish comes from environmental conditions during maintenance, distribution, and retailing. Monitoring antibiotic residue prevalence in food-animal origins, particularly chicken meat, eggs, and fish, is crucial for improving animal food quality and safety. Keywords: antibiotic residual level, antimicrobial resistance, food animal origin, food safety, rapid screening test.

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“…However, streptomycin-resistant strains of E. amylovora have been identified in different countries around the world [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. This trend is concerning, as there is an increasing awareness of the possibility of antibiotic resistance gene transfer to human and animal pathogenic microbes due to the excessive use of antibiotics in agriculture [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Currently, the European Union regulatory agencies have restricted the use of streptomycin in agriculture, while Canada and the USA have only prohibited its use for organic farms [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Viability of Spray-Dried Pantoea agglomerans for Phage-Carrier Mediated Control of Fire Blight

Ibrahim,

Nesbitt,

Guo

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora, is a devastating bacterial disease that threatens apple and pear production. It is mainly controlled by using antibiotics, such as streptomycin. Due to development of E. amylovora resistant strains and the excessive agricultural use of antibiotics, there is an increased awareness of the possibility of antibiotic resistance gene transfer to other microbes. Urgent development of biocontrol agents (BCAs) is needed that can be incorporated into integrated pest management programs as antibiotic alternatives. A novel phage-carrier system (PCS) that combines an antagonistic bacterium, Pantoea agglomerans, with its ability to act as a phage-carrier bacterium for Erwinia phages has been developed. The low viability of P. agglomerans cells following spray-drying (SD) has been a challenge for the industrial-scale production of this PCS. Here, an SD protocol was developed for P. agglomerans by modifying the growth medium and bacterial cell formulation using D(+)-trehalose and maltodextrin. The developed protocol is amenable to the industrial-scale production of the BCA/PCS. The P. agglomerans viability was greater than 90% after SD and had a shelf life at 4 °C of 4 months, and reconstituted cells showed a 3 log reduction in E. amylovora counts with a pear disc assay.

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The role of food chain in antimicrobial resistance spread and One Health approach to reduce risks

Cited by 21 publications

References 68 publications

Bacteriological Quality of Ready to Eat Vegetable Salads Vended in Ilala District Markets and Antibiotic Sensitivity Profiles of Isolated Contaminant Bacteria

Bacteriological Quality of Ready to Eat Vegetable Salads Vended in Ilala District Markets and Antibiotic Sensitivity Profiles of Isolated Contaminant Bacteria

Rapid testing of antibiotic residues to increase food safety awareness of animal origin

Improved Viability of Spray-Dried Pantoea agglomerans for Phage-Carrier Mediated Control of Fire Blight

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