The Role of Family in Youth Opioid Misuse: A Literature Review

Kaur, Lovdeep; Tadros, Eman; Patton, Rikki

doi:10.1177/1066480719868705

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The interviews were intended to solicit participant experiences regarding OUD treatment, satisfaction with the medications used to treat OUD, counseling, current drug use, issues related to treatment retention (e.g. housing, legal problems, transportation, social support, family), goals and outlook [16,17]. The aim was to more clearly understand the factors, experiences and contexts that contributed to treatment retention, medication adherence, treatment re-entry, relapse and overdose.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opioid overdose experiences in a sample of US adolescents and young adults: a thematic analysis

et al. 2020

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Background and Aims Opioid overdose deaths among adolescents and young adults have risen sharply in the United States over recent decades. This study aimed to explore the nature of adolescent and young adult perspectives on overdose experiences. Design This study involved thematic analysis of interviews undertaken as part of a mixed‐methods, randomized trial of extended release naltrexone (XR‐NTX) versus treatment‐as‐usual (TAU) for adolescents and young adults (aged 15–21 years) with opioid use disorder (OUD). Setting Participants were recruited during a residential treatment episode at Mountain Manor Treatment Center, in Baltimore, MD, USA. Participants/cases As part of the qualitative component of this study, 35 adolescents/young adults completed up to three interviews: at baseline, 3 and 6 months after release from residential opioid use disorder treatment. Measurements Semi‐structured interviews solicited participant experiences with opioid use disorder treatment; their satisfaction with the medications used to treat opioid use disorder; counseling received; current substance use; issues related to treatment retention; their treatment goals; and their future outlook. Findings Four broad themes emerged: (1) adolescents/young adults had difficulty identifying overdoses due to interpreting subjective symptoms and a lack of memory of the event, (2) this sample had difficulty perceiving risk that is misaligned with traditional understandings of overdose intentionality, (3) adolescents/young adults did not interpret personal overdose events as a catalyst for behavior change and (4) this sample experienced a greater impact to behavior change through witnessing an overdose of someone in their social network. Conclusions The sample of US adolescents and young adults in treatment for opioid use disorder expressed difficulty identifying whether or not they had experienced an overdose, expressed fluctuating intentionality for those events and did not have clear intentions to change their behavior. Witnessing an overdose appeared to be as salient an experience as going through an overdose oneself.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opioid overdose experiences in a sample of US adolescents and young adults: a thematic analysis

et al. 2020

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“…While more research is needed to better understand the relationship between SUD treatment and the utilization of FBT, it is possible that centers treating opioid use disorder (OUD) may also be the same sites that use the ASAM guidelines, which highlight the importance of family involvement in treatment for OUD (Kampman & Jarvis, 2015;Wong et al, 2020). Further, additional recent scholarship has highlighted the importance of the role of family in treatment for opioids (Kaur et al, 2019).…”

Section: Organizational Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining Utilization of Family-Based Treatment in Substance Use Treatment Centers

Chou,

Patton,

Aletraris

et al. 2024

Contemp Fam Ther

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The multiple benefits of family-based treatment (FBT) used in substance use disorder (SUD) treatment include increased treatment engagement, better treatment outcomes, and cost-effectiveness compared to other behavioral health treatment modalities. However, the prevalence and types of FBTs offered among SUD treatment facilities are largely unknown. The present study used data collected during 2009–2010 from 325 treatment centers in the United States to (1) explore the prevalence in the utilization of FBT in SUD treatment, and (2) identify differences between treatment facilities that do and do not offer FBT. Results indicated that the adoption of FBT was negatively associated with the percentage of clients who were unemployed or involved in the criminal justice system at time of intake, and positively related to the number of hours of individual therapy and treatment center emphasis on utilizing the 12 Steps. Additionally, the majority of treatment centers that followed the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) clinical guidelines offered FBT. Lastly, the percentage of families involvement was negatively associated with centers’ proportion of revenues from Medicaid (i.e., health insurance for those with limited income) and positively associated with treatment center revenues from private insurance. The impact of having FBT in SUD treatment centers is discussed.

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“…This recommendation is based on the protective effects that positive caregiver relationships have on young people’s substance use initiation and progression [ 21 ] and the effectiveness of family-based interventions (e.g., parent education, family counseling) in the prevention, early intervention, and treatment of young people’s substance use [ 21 , 22 ]. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated the role of caregivers in opioid use treatment and services for young people [ 23 ]. In a recent review, Kaur et al [ 23 ] identified two main foci in this scant literature, 1) ethical considerations and confidentiality when involving family members in young people’s opioid use treatment ( n = 3 studies), and 2) the benefits of family involvement ( n = 5 studies), including reduced rates of opioid use [ 24 ] and adherence to psychotherapeutic [ 25 ] and pharmacological treatments [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, few studies have investigated the role of caregivers in opioid use treatment and services for young people [ 23 ]. In a recent review, Kaur et al [ 23 ] identified two main foci in this scant literature, 1) ethical considerations and confidentiality when involving family members in young people’s opioid use treatment ( n = 3 studies), and 2) the benefits of family involvement ( n = 5 studies), including reduced rates of opioid use [ 24 ] and adherence to psychotherapeutic [ 25 ] and pharmacological treatments [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Becoming our young people’s case managers: caregivers’ experiences, needs, and ideas for improving opioid use treatments for young people using opioids

Marchand

Turuba

Katan

et al. 2022

Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy

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Background Evidence continues to show that young people, ages 15-24, remain at significant risk of harms from non-medical opioid use and opioid use disorder (OUD), with experts calling for widespread implementation of developmentally-appropriate interventions. These recommendations include the involvement of caregivers in the prevention, early intervention, and treatment of young people using opioids. However, little research has investigated caregivers’ experiences supporting young people, leaving critical gaps in understanding this role. The aim of this study is to explore caregivers’ experiences accessing opioid use treatments with young people and their needs and ideas for improving such treatments. Methods This study reports qualitative findings from Phase 1 of the Improving Treatment Together project, a multi-phase, multi-site community-based participatory study broadly aimed at co-designing opioid use treatments to improve the experiences and outcomes of young people using non-medical opioids. During Phase 1, a total of 27 caregivers (parents, guardians) participated in full-day workshops that were conducted in three communities in British Columbia, Canada. Following human-centred co-design methods, caregivers engaged in small and large group discussions of their experiences, needs, and ideas for improving opioid use treatments for young people. Discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analysed. Results Across communities, caregivers’ main experiences were defined as ‘becoming our young people’s case managers’ and ‘enduring a never-ending rollercoaster’. To improve these experiences, two needs themes were identified – expanding organizational and system-level capacity and wider-spread understanding of opioid use as a health issue. Caregivers brainstormed a total of 378 individual ideas to meet these needs, several of which spanned multiple needs themes. Conclusions Caregivers’ experiences, needs, and ideas reveal critical opportunities for improving the quality of interventions for opioid use among young people. This study represents a substantial contribution to the design and implementation of developmentally-appropriate and family-centred interventions for young people using opioids.

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The Role of Family in Youth Opioid Misuse: A Literature Review

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Opioid overdose experiences in a sample of US adolescents and young adults: a thematic analysis

Opioid overdose experiences in a sample of US adolescents and young adults: a thematic analysis

Examining Utilization of Family-Based Treatment in Substance Use Treatment Centers

Becoming our young people’s case managers: caregivers’ experiences, needs, and ideas for improving opioid use treatments for young people using opioids

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