The role of extracellular ATP and P2X receptors in the pathogenesis of HIV-1

Rodriguez, Natalia; Fortune, Trinisia; Vuong, Thien; Swartz, Talia H.

doi:10.1016/j.coph.2023.102358

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…However, HIV-1 has evolved mechanisms to evade NLRP3, including post-transcriptional degradation via ubiquitination [18]. P2X7 receptors in HIV-infected macrophages are noteworthy in the CNS as they facilitate the release of virions from VCCs without causing cell death, making them promising therapeutic targets for accessing HIV reservoirs [17,[22][23][24]. Genetic variations, such as NLRP3 and IL1B, can offer protection against HIV infection, while variants in the IL18 promoter increase susceptibility to it [25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional and Clinical Challenges of Delayed HIV Seroconversion

2024

FEM

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Aims: to examine the emotional and clinical impact of delayed HIV seroconversion in a 36-year-old male healthcare professional in Ecuador. Methodology: a case report analysis that included patient history, clinical presentation, and treatment outcomes. Results: severe anxiety, depression, and perceived risk of death due to delayed ART initiation. Symptoms of weight loss and profuse sweating resolved after ART and psychiatric treatment. Scientific Novelty: the paper highlights the complexities of delayed HIV diagnosis and its profound emotional impact, emphasising the need for regular testing and comprehensive mental health support. Conclusion: timely HIV testing and integrated medical and emotional care are critical for managing delayed seroconversion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional and Clinical Challenges of Delayed HIV Seroconversion

2024

FEM

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“…The increase in eATP concentrations could be related to two mechanisms: reduced activities of ectonucleotidases ( 211 , 248 ) and opened pannexin channels ( 249 ). The eATP-mediated activation of P2X7 and the resulting production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) ( 250 ) can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and the release of IL-1β, IL-12 and IFNγ from macrophages ( 251 ).…”

Section: Damps and Inflammasomes – A Smart But Dangerous Liaisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-DNA driven inflammation in COVID-19 and after mRNA-based vaccination: lessons for non-COVID-19 pathologies

Heil

2024

Front. Immunol.

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic triggered an unprecedented concentration of economic and research efforts to generate knowledge at unequalled speed on deregulated interferon type I signalling and nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer in B-cells (NF-κB)-driven interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-18 secretion causing cytokine storms. The translation of the knowledge on how the resulting systemic inflammation can lead to life-threatening complications into novel treatments and vaccine technologies is underway. Nevertheless, previously existing knowledge on the role of cytoplasmatic or circulating self-DNA as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) was largely ignored. Pathologies reported ‘de novo’ for patients infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 to be outcomes of self-DNA-driven inflammation in fact had been linked earlier to self-DNA in different contexts, e.g., the infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1, sterile inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. I highlight particularly how synergies with other DAMPs can render immunogenic properties to normally non-immunogenic extracellular self-DNA, and I discuss the shared features of the gp41 unit of the HIV-1 envelope protein and the SARS-CoV 2 Spike protein that enable HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 to interact with cell or nuclear membranes, trigger syncytia formation, inflict damage to their host’s DNA, and trigger inflammation – likely for their own benefit. These similarities motivate speculations that similar mechanisms to those driven by gp41 can explain how inflammatory self-DNA contributes to some of most frequent adverse events after vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer/BioNTech) or the mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccine, i.e., myocarditis, herpes zoster, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune nephritis or hepatitis, new-onset systemic lupus erythematosus, and flare-ups of psoriasis or lupus. The hope is to motivate a wider application of the lessons learned from the experiences with COVID-19 and the new mRNA vaccines to combat future non-COVID-19 diseases.

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Editorial overview: “Purinergic immune cell regulation reveals novel pharmacological targets”

Junger,

Ledderose

2024

Current Opinion in Pharmacology

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The role of extracellular ATP and P2X receptors in the pathogenesis of HIV-1

Cited by 3 publications

References 88 publications

Emotional and Clinical Challenges of Delayed HIV Seroconversion

Emotional and Clinical Challenges of Delayed HIV Seroconversion

Self-DNA driven inflammation in COVID-19 and after mRNA-based vaccination: lessons for non-COVID-19 pathologies

Editorial overview: “Purinergic immune cell regulation reveals novel pharmacological targets”

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