The Role of Exotoxin A in Pseudomonas Disease and Immunity

Determination of lethal dose (LD50) of Exotoxin A from Pseudomonasaeruginosa26A in mice histopathology

“…In higher doses 3 and 4 there is depletion of lymphoid follicles and precipitation of amyloid like substances as shown in figure (6) . spleen in control group injected with 0.1 ml of 0.01M Tris-OH intraperitoneally revealed normal tissue structure as shown in figure (7).…”

“…The toxin was first discovered and purified by Liu who reported that P. aeruginosa PA103, a protease-deficient strain, produces more toxin than P. aeruginosa strains which actively produce proteases [5].Exotoxin A appears to mediate both local and systemic disease processes caused by P.aeruginosa. It has necrotizing activity at the site of bacterial colonization and is thereby thought to contribute to the colonization process [6].…”

Physiology and Pathology of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria: Antibodies- and Vaccines-Based Pathogen-Specific Targeting

“…Exotoxin A is a key virulence factor secreted by around 90% P. aeruginosa clinical isolates and around 10,000 times more lethal than LPS [147,148]. Exotoxin A is an ADP-ribosyltransferase and can kill macrophages, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and other immune-related cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis and inhibition of protein synthesis elongation factor 2 [148].…”

“…Exotoxin A is an ADP-ribosyltransferase and can kill macrophages, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and other immune-related cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis and inhibition of protein synthesis elongation factor 2 [148]. mAbs against two epitopes of exotoxin A after immunization of rabbits showed potent inhibition of exotoxin A-induced cytotoxic activity in vitro [149].…”

Anaerobiosis ofPseudomonas aeruginosa: Implications for Treatments of Airway Infection

“…As an extracellular pathogen, P. aeruginosa secretes an array of virulence factors, whose production is controlled by quorum sensing, a cell-density dependent gene regulatory pathway. Effectors to be secreted include elastase (17,18), alkaline protease (19,20), exotoxins (21,22), phospholipase (23,24), and pyocyanin (25). These molecules exert toxic effects on human hosts by directly degrading host tissues or eliciting oxidative stress.…”