The role of exhaled nitric oxide in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease undergoing laparotomy surgery – The noxious study

Augmentation of S-Nitrosoglutathione Controls Cigarette Smoke-Induced Inflammatory–Oxidative Stress and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-Emphysema Pathogenesis by Restoring Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Function

“…The low NO and high ADMA levels also correlate with the severity of airflow obstruction in COPD subjects, thus highlighting the importance of NO signaling in COPD-emphysema pathogenesis (1). The low NO levels in current smokers and severe COPD patients involve CS-induced and ROS/RNSmediated peroxynitrite formation, as ex-smokers demonstrate an elevated fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), compared to current smokers with COPD (37,60). It is important to note that FeNO is substantially low in current smokers with COPD (42).…”

Investigating Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Asthma-COPD Overlap (ACO): A Scoping Review

“…Concerning exacerbation definitions, the studies used the following definitions; a) event-based exacerbation was defined as the use of oral corticosteroids and/or antibiotics and/or hospitalization for a worsening in the patient's respiratory symptoms (4), b) exacerbation was defined as increased dyspnea, cough or sputum (quality or quantity) with a duration ≥3 days requiring treatment with antibiotics and/or systemic corticosteroids and/or a significant change in prescribed respiratory medication (15), c) exacerbation was defined as the demonstration of any combination of the following symptoms: purulence of sputum, increased dyspnea, or increased production of sputum (21), d) exacerbation was defined as the presence for ≥2 consecutive days of any two symptoms (''major'' symptoms was defined as dyspnoea, increased sputum purulence, increased sputum quantity or ''minor'' symptoms was defined as wheeze, sore throat, cough and symptoms of a common cold, which were defined as nasal congestion and/or nasal discharge), at least one of which must be a major symptom (1). Exacerbations were not defined in two studies (18,27). † The flow rate of the nasally exhaled/aspirated nitric oxide (F nNO ) was given as a subscript in mL•s −1 (F nNO5 ).…”