The role of estradiol in male reproductive function

Schulster, Michael; Bernie, Aaron; Ramasamy, Ranjith

doi:10.4103/1008-682x.173932

Cited by 286 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…As in dogs, P450arom had an abrupt increase during aging in mRNA levels (Ogawa et al 2016). It was hypothesized that the increased expression of P450arom and additional estradiol production promotes spermatogonial stem cell proliferation, acrosome formation and spermatids maturation (Schulster et al 2016, Janulis et al 1996, Shetty et al 1997.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steroidogenesis during postnatal testicular development of Galea spixii

et al. 2017

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The androgen/estrogen balance is essential for normal sexual development and reproduction in mammals. Studies performed herein investigated the potential for estrogen synthesis in cells of the testes of a hystricomorph rodent, The study characterized the expression of the key enzymes responsible for estrogen and androgen synthesis, cytochromes P450 aromatase (P450arom), 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (P450c17) respectively, as well as the redox partner NADPH cytochrome P450 oxido-reductase (CPR) required to support electron transfer and catalysis of these P450s, by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis, throughout postnatal sexual development. Testes (immature, pre-pubertal, pubertal and post-pubertal) were collected, fixed for IHC (CYP19, CYP17 and CPR) and stored frozen for qPCR for the relevant gene transcripts ( and ). Expression of P450c17 was significantly elevated at the pre-pubertal and pubertal stages. Based on IHC, P450c17 was expressed only in Leydig cell clusters. The expression of P450arom was detectable at all stages of sexual development of IHC data suggest that estrogen synthesis was not restricted to somatic cells (Leydig cells/Sertoli cells), but that germ cells may also be capable of converting androgens into estrogens, important for testicular function and spermatogenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steroidogenesis during postnatal testicular development of Galea spixii

et al. 2017

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“…During pregnancy, estrogens produced by the placenta help prepare the mammary gland for milk production (Voogt, 1978). On the other hand, lower levels of estrogens produced in men are essential for functions including sperm maturation, erectile function and maintenance of a healthy libido (Schulster, Bernie, & Ramasamy, 2016). It is important to mention here that all the estrogenic physiological functions previously described are mediated by estrogen receptors, which we describe in the next sections.…”

Section: Physiological Functions Of Estrogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen receptor signaling mechanisms

Fuentes

Silveyra

2019

Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology

609

461

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The primary female sex hormones, estrogens, are responsible for the control of functions of the female reproductive system, as well as the development of secondary sexual characteristics that appear during puberty and sexual maturity. Estrogens exert their actions by binding to specific receptors, the estrogen receptors (ERs), which in turn activate transcriptional processes and/or signaling events that result in the control of gene expression. These actions can be mediated by direct binding of estrogen receptor complexes to specific sequences in gene promoters (genomic effects), or by mechanisms that do not involve direct binding to DNA (non-genomic effects). Whether acting via direct nuclear effects, indirect non-nuclear actions, or a combination of both, the effects of estrogens on gene expression are controlled by highly regulated complex mechanisms. In this chapter, we summarize the knowledge gained in the past 60 years since the discovery of the estrogen receptors on the mechanisms governing estrogen-mediated gene expression. We provide an overview of estrogen biosynthesis, and we describe the main mechanisms by which the female sex hormone controls gene transcription in different tissues and cell types. Specifically, we address the molecular events governing regulation of gene expression via the nuclear estrogen receptors (ERα, and ERβ) and the membrane estrogen receptor (GPER1). We also describe mechanisms of cross-talk between signaling cascades activated by both nuclear and membrane estrogen receptors. Finally, we discuss natural compounds that are able to target specific estrogen receptors and their implications for human health and medical therapeutics.

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“…Their much higher levels of testosterone than women compounded by the higher affinity of SHBG for the androgen, may result in negligible estrogen binding as regulatory mechanism in vivo (at least in males and non-ovulating women). The critical role of estradiol for bone (60), energy homeostasis (61) and reproductive system in both females and males (62) has been clearly established, requiring a finer regulation of estrogen in males, playing functions not fully coincident with those of females. The kinetics of binding of testosterone and estradiol did not match their expected function (which nevertheless is exerted successfully), especially when we consider that SHBG is also a carrier for hormones that bind to specific membrane sites to transfer their charge (63).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%