The role of ester groups in resistance of plant cell wall polysaccharides to enzymatic hydrolysis

Grohmann, K.; Mitchell, David J.; Himmel, Michael E.; Dale, Bruce E.; Schroeder, Herbert A.

doi:10.1007/bf02936472

Cited by 111 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Xylan hydrolysis is significantly increased by the removal of acetyl side chains, and the hydrolysis is hindered by the degree of acetylation (Poutanen et al 1987). Grohmann et al (1989) have reported that chemical deacetylation of aspen wood and wheat straw xylan units has enhanced the enzymatic hydrolysis of xylan and thus increased the cellulose accessibility (Grohmann et al 1989). …”

Section: Microbial Enzymes Depolymerisation Of Hemicellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the structural and functional properties of carbohydrate esterases with a special focus on hemicellulose deacetylating acetyl xylan esterases

Kameshwar

Qin

2018

Mycology

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Acetyl and methyl esterifications are two major naturally found substitutions in the plant cell-wall polysaccharides. The non-cellulosic plant cell-wall polysaccharides such as pectin and hemicellulose are differentially esterified by the O-acetyl and methyl groups to cease the action of various hydrolytic enzymes secreted by different fungi and bacterial species. Thus, microorganisms have emerged with a special class of enzymes known as carbohydrate esterases (CE). The CE catalyse O-de, N-deacetylation of acetylated saccharide residues (esters or amides, where sugars play the role of alcohol/amine/acid). Carbohydrate active enzyme (CAZy) database has classified CE into 16 classes, of which hemicellulose deacetylating CE were grouped into eight classes (CE-1 to CE-7 and CE-16). Various plant biomass degrading fungi and bacteria secretes acetyl xylan esterases (AcXE); however, these enzymes exhibit varied substrate specificities. AcXE and xylanases-coupled pretreatment methods exhibit significant applications, such as enhancing animal feedstock, baking industry, production of food additives, paper and pulp, xylitol production and biorefinery-based industries, respectively. Thus, understanding the structural and functional properties of acetyl xylan esterase will significantly aid in developing the efficient AcXE with wide range of industrial applications.

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Section: Microbial Enzymes Depolymerisation Of Hemicellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the structural and functional properties of carbohydrate esterases with a special focus on hemicellulose deacetylating acetyl xylan esterases

Kameshwar

Qin

2018

Mycology

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“…It was found that deacetylation of poplar wood and wheat straw could increase enzymatic digestibility (Grohmann et al 1989;Kong et al 1992). Despite the digestibility issues found with acetyl groups (Chang and Holtzapple 2000), they had a minor impact on biomass digestibility when compared with lignin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber composition of a diversity panel of the world collection of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) and related grasses

et al. 2017

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ABSTRACT:The world collection of sugarcane (Saccharum hybrids) and related grasses (WCSRG) is an important source of genes for sugarcane and energycane breeding. The core collection or diversity panel of the WCSRG was created in Canal Point with 300 accession and 10 checks to evaluate its diversity. The fiber components of the species and accessions within the WCSRG are unknown, so a shredded and dried fiber sample was taken from each accession and sent for fiber analysis. The acetyl groups, acid insoluble lignin, acid soluble lignin, arabinan, glucan, holocellulose, total lignin, structural ash, and xylan were quantified on a % fiber basis and nonstructural ash on a % total basis. There were significant, but not large differences between species for holocellulose, lignin, acetyl, acid soluble lignin, PLANT BREEDING -Article

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“…O-Acetylation of polysaccharides reportedly has a negative effect on the utilization of lignocellulose, such as in the production of paper and bioethanol (Biely, 1985;Grohmann et al, 1989). A major xylan acetyltransferase was recently identified in Arabidopsis: TRICHOME BIREFRINGENCE-LIKE29/ESKIMO1 (TBL29/ESK1; Urbanowicz et al, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

Suppression of Dwarf and irregular xylem Phenotypes Generates Low-Acetylated Biomass Lines in Arabidopsis

et al. 2015

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(S.H.).eskimo1-5 (esk1-5) is a dwarf Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant that has a constitutive drought syndrome and collapsed xylem vessels, along with low acetylation levels in xylan and mannan. ESK1 has xylan O-acetyltransferase activity in vitro. We used a suppressor strategy on esk1-5 to screen for variants with wild-type growth and low acetylation levels, a favorable combination for ethanol production. We found a recessive mutation in the KAKTUS (KAK) gene that suppressed dwarfism and the collapsed xylem character, the cause of decreased hydraulic conductivity in the esk1-5 mutant. Backcrosses between esk1-5 and two independent knockout kak mutants confirmed suppression of the esk1-5 effect. kak single mutants showed larger stem diameters than the wild type. The KAK promoter fused with a reporter gene showed activity in the vascular cambium, phloem, and primary xylem in the stem and hypocotyl. However, suppression of the collapsed xylem phenotype in esk1 kak double mutants was not associated with the recovery of cell wall O-acetylation or any major cell wall modifications. Therefore, our results indicate that, in addition to its described activity as a repressor of endoreduplication, KAK may play a role in vascular development. Furthermore, orthologous esk1 kak double mutants may hold promise for ethanol production in crop plants.

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The role of ester groups in resistance of plant cell wall polysaccharides to enzymatic hydrolysis

Cited by 111 publications

References 24 publications

Understanding the structural and functional properties of carbohydrate esterases with a special focus on hemicellulose deacetylating acetyl xylan esterases

Understanding the structural and functional properties of carbohydrate esterases with a special focus on hemicellulose deacetylating acetyl xylan esterases

Fiber composition of a diversity panel of the world collection of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) and related grasses

Suppression of Dwarf and irregular xylem Phenotypes Generates Low-Acetylated Biomass Lines in Arabidopsis

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