The role of epigenetic mediation and the future of food allergy research

Quake, Christine; Nadeau, Kari

doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.07.002

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Epigenetic mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of food allergy [ 1 ]. We previously demonstrated that tolerance acquisition in children with IgE-mediated cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is driven by epigenetic modulation of the Th1 and Th2 cytokine genes [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic features of FoxP3 in children with cow’s milk allergy

et al. 2016

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BackgroundDNA methylation of the Th1 and Th2 cytokine genes is altered during cow’s milk allergy (CMA). Forkhead box transcription factor 3 (FoxP3) is essential for the development and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and is involved in oral tolerance acquisition. We assessed whether tolerance acquisition in children with IgE-mediated CMA is associated with DNA demethylation of the Treg-specific demethylated region (TSDR) of FoxP3.ResultsForty children (aged 3–18 months) were enrolled: 10 children with active IgE-mediated CMA (group 1), 10 children who outgrew CMA after dietary treatment with an extensively hydrolyzed casein formula containing the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (group 2), 10 children who outgrew CMA after treatment with other formulas (group 3), and 10 healthy controls (group 4). FoxP3 TSDR demethylation and expression were measured in mononuclear cells purified from peripheral blood of the four groups of children. FoxP3 TSDR demethylation was significantly lower in children with active IgE-mediated CMA than in either children who outgrew CMA or in healthy children. Formula selection influenced the FoxP3 TSDR demethylation profile. The FoxP3 TSDR demethylation rate and expression level were correlated.ConclusionsTolerance acquisition in children with IgE-mediated CMA involves epigenetic regulation of the FoxP3 gene. This feature could be a new target for preventive and therapeutic strategies against CMA.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic features of FoxP3 in children with cow’s milk allergy

et al. 2016

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“…The study showed that the DNA methylation status in specific regions of HLA may vary in different food allergies. Such change determines which antigen-derived peptides are presented to the T cells and potentially results in the dysregulation of food tolerance [31]. …”

Section: Interleukinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Implications of DNA Methylation on Food Allergy

Lee

Song

O’Sullivan

et al. 2017

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Food allergy is a major clinical and public health concern worldwide. The risk factors are well defined, however, the mechanisms by which they affect immune development remain largely unknown, and unfortunately the effective treatment or prevention of food allergy is still being researched. Recent studies show that the genes that are critical for the development of food allergy are regulated through DNA methylation. Environmental factors can affect host DNA methylation status and subsequently predispose people to food allergy. DNA methylation is therefore an important mediator of gene-environment interactions in food allergy and key to understanding the mechanisms underlying the allergic development. Indeed, the modification and identification of the methylation levels of specific genetic loci have gained increasing attention for therapeutic and diagnostic application in combating food allergy. In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent developments of DNA methylation in food allergy, including the pathogenesis, therapy, and diagnosis. This review will also summarize and discuss the environmental factors that affect DNA methylation levels in food allergy.

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“…Moreover, we know very little about epigenetics and immunomodulation. Several studies determine that epigenetic control can mediate the regulatory response in FA [34,35]. In this sense, the epigenetic modifications may be the crucial to explain how environmental factors modulate and modify gene expression towards a regulatory pattern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetics in Food Allergy and Immunomodulation

et al. 2021

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Food allergy (FA) is an increasing problem worldwide and, over recent years, its prevalence is rising in developed countries. Nowadays, the immunological and cellular processes that occur in the allergic reactions are not fully understood, which hampers the development of in vitro diagnostic tools and further treatment options. Moreover, allergic diseases could be reinforced by environmental exposure and genetic modifications. Gene expression can be controlled by different epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs. In addition, several environmental factors such as dietary components (vitamin D, butyrate, folic acid) are able to regulate this epigenetic mechanism. All these factors produce modifications in immune genes that could alter the development and function of immune cells, and therefore the etiology of the disease. Furthermore, these epigenetic mechanisms have also an influence on immunomodulation, which could explain sustained responsiveness or unresponsiveness during immunotherapy due to epigenetic modifications in key genes that induce tolerance in several FA. Thus, in this review we focus on the different epigenetic mechanisms that occur in FA and on the influence of several dietary components in these gene modifications.

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The role of epigenetic mediation and the future of food allergy research

Cited by 8 publications

References 70 publications

Epigenetic features of FoxP3 in children with cow’s milk allergy

Epigenetic features of FoxP3 in children with cow’s milk allergy

The Implications of DNA Methylation on Food Allergy

Epigenetics in Food Allergy and Immunomodulation

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