The role of endotoxin in the pathogenesis of acute bovine laminitis

Boosman, R.; Mutsaers, C. W. A. A. M.; Klarenbeek, A.

doi:10.1080/01652176.1991.9694301

Cited by 31 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The circulatory and morphological alterations observed as in the digits are compatible with the inflammatory process triggered by the acidosis caused by the carbohydrate. Similar findings have been reported in experimental induction protocols with oligofructose (Thoefner et al 2005), endotoxins (Boosman et al 1991a, Singh et al 1994) and cases of natural occurrence (Boosman et al 1991b, Mendes et al 2013. The predominant monocytic inflammatory infiltrate has been described in other studies (Boosman et al 1991a, Thoefner et al 2005, Danscher et al 2010, which is a common finding in bovine digits after administration of oligofructose.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The period between the triggering factor and the appearance of the clinical signs of laminitis is called the prodromal phase, or development stage, and is studied in the equine species (Martins Filho et al 2008). In the bovine species, the prodromal period has a varied duration (Thoefner et al 2004, Danscher et al 2009) because the experimental induction protocols used do not always result in specific clinical signs of clinical laminitis, such as lameness and digital sensitivity (Boosman et al 1991a, Singh et al 1994, Momcilovic et al 2000. The knowledge of the changes in bovine laminitis in the development phase is important, since in addition to allowing early diagnosis, before more evident signs such as lameness, allows the adoption of more effective therapeutic measures, as occurs in the equine species, including the use of antiinflammatory and cryotherapy (Van Eps 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of ruminal acidosis and initial phase of laminitis inducted by oligofructose in crossbred calves

et al. 2019

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RESUMO.-[Caracterização da acidose ruminal e da fase inicial da laminite induzidas por oligofrutose em bezerros mestiços.] Uma das formas de se estudar a laminite bovina é sua indução experimental por meio do fornecimento de grande quantidade de carboidrato de alta fermentação. O protocolo mais eficaz até o momento foi o uso de oligofrutose. Objetivou-se avaliar aspectos clínicos e histológicos dos dígitos de bovinos na indução experimental de acidose ruminal e laminite usando oligofrutose. Utilizaram-se seis bezerros mestiços (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) de um ano, divididos em Grupo I (GI) e Grupo II (GII). Os animais em GI e GII receberam oligofrutose por via intrarruminal nas doses de 13 e 17g/kg respectivamente. Os bovinos foram avaliados clinicamente por 28 horas e fragmentos de coroa e muralha abaxial dos dígitos foram ABSTRACT.-One of the ways to study cattle laminitis is its experimental induction by supplying a large amount of high fermentation carbohydrate. The most effective protocol until now has been the use of oligofructose. The objective of this study was to evaluate clinical and histological aspects of the hoof in experimental induction of ruminal acidosis and laminitis in calves using oligofructose. Six crossbred (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) yearling calves divided into Group I (GI) and Group II (GII) were used. Animals in GI and GII received intraruminal oligofructose in doses of 13 and 17g/kg, respectively. During 28 hours the calves were clinically evaluated and 30 hours after induction, samples were taken from coronary and abaxial wall of the hoof for histologic evaluation. Were noticed signs of ruminal and metabolic acidosis like rumen distension with fluid, diarrhea, ruminal pH reduction and, at blood gas analysis, pH and bicarbonate below reference range. Lameness was not observed however, some animals had a slower gait and apathy, possibly due to metabolic acidosis, though. Histologically, typical lesions of laminitis like circulatory changes and inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis, irregularities and areas of detachment at basement membrane and morphologic changes in cells from basal epidermis were found. The protocol induced, in the first 30 hours, clinical signs of ruminal and metabolic acidosis and low grade histologic lesions in the digits. Lameness and digit pain were not observed, characterizing the prodromic phase of the disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of ruminal acidosis and initial phase of laminitis inducted by oligofructose in crossbred calves

et al. 2019

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“…It has also been linked to the development of non-infectious diseases such as ruminal acidosis, laminitis and displaced abomasum [3,8,11]. Its potential to cause harm is particularly important in cattle, since cattle appear to be several thousand times more sensitive to LPS than common laboratory species [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose dependency and individual variability in selected clinical, haematological and blood biochemical responses after systemic lipopolysaccharide challenge in cattle

Jacobsen¹,

Toelboell²,

Andersen³

2005

Vet. Res.

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-Previous studies have noted that susceptibility to systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure seems to differ between individual cows. However, to date inter-individual variation in the response to intravenous injection of LPS has been reported only as an empirical finding, and its existence or extent has never been backed up by statistical analyses. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate the dose-dependency of clinical, haematological and blood biochemical responses to intravenous LPS injection in dairy cattle and to determine the extent to which these responses differed between individual cows. Eight dairy cows each received three intravenous injections of Escherichia coli LPS (10, 100, and 1000 ng/kg, consecutively) at three-week intervals. All three LPS doses induced clinical, haematological, and blood biochemical responses lasting up to several days. The strength of all of the responses increased significantly with an increasing LPS dose. A statistically significant inter-individual variation was demonstrated for all clinical, haematological, and blood biochemical responses except for serum calcium concentrations. More than half of the statistical variation in white blood cell and thrombocyte counts could be attributed to the individual. The results of this study show that despite the existence of a dose-response relationship between LPS and ensuing clinical, haematological, and blood biochemical responses, the majority of responses to LPS differ significantly in strength and duration from cow to cow.lipopolysaccharide / susceptibility / dose-response / individual variation

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“…A number of bovine diseases are thought to be associated with endotoxaemia, such as sudden death syndrome, rumen acidosis, coliform mastitis and laminitis (DOUGHERTY et al, 1975;ANDERSEN et al, 1990;BOOSMAN et al, 1991;AIUMLAMAI et al, 1992; CULLOR, 1992). The systemical entrance of endotoxins to the systemical circulation from an inflamed or damaged organ, such as the gastrointestinal tract or mammary gland, seems to be of major importance for the development of disease, but there is a lack of convincing evidence for this theory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies onin vivoEndotoxin Plasma Disappearance Times in Cattle

Andersen

Jarløv

Hesselholt

et al. 1996

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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Summary Endotoxin plasma disappearance (EPDT) times were determined by a modified Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay technique after the intravenous administration of 25 μg E. coli 055:B5 endotoxin per kg b.w. to 22 Jersey cows. Clinically healthy cows (n = 6) cleared endotoxin from the plasma within 30 min. Cows pretreated with flunixin meglumine (n = 6) had 2–3 times longer plasma disappearance times, while cows pretreated with phenylbutazone (n = 6) had plasma disappearance times which were 6–12 times longer than the healthy control group. A fourth group comprised clinical cases of spontaneously developed hepatic lipidosis (n = 4). None of these cows were able to clear the injected endotoxin dose and one died before the end of the experiment. The acute phase response, described by leukocyte and thrombocyte counts and plasma glucose and zinc concentrations, was not statistically different between the four groups.

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The role of endotoxin in the pathogenesis of acute bovine laminitis

Cited by 31 publications

References 11 publications

Characterization of ruminal acidosis and initial phase of laminitis inducted by oligofructose in crossbred calves

Characterization of ruminal acidosis and initial phase of laminitis inducted by oligofructose in crossbred calves

Dose dependency and individual variability in selected clinical, haematological and blood biochemical responses after systemic lipopolysaccharide challenge in cattle

Studies onin vivoEndotoxin Plasma Disappearance Times in Cattle

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