The Role of Endothelin in Heart Failure and Hypertension

Abstract

The endothelin family consists of three structurally similar isopeptides: ET‐1, ET‐2, and ET‐3. The two receptor subtypes, ETA and ETB, have‐different receptor affinities for the isopeptides. Stimulation of ETA and ETB receptors results in vasoconstriction, and ETB stimulation also causes vasodilation. These receptors may have profound impact on the etiologies of various diseases, including heart failure and hypertension. Studies with endothelin‐receptor antagonists in animals and humans with heart failure show promising short‐ and long‐term results. The place of the agents in the treatment of essential hypertension remains controversial, but they may have a greater role in hypertensive blacks and transplant recipients.