The Role of Endothelin-1 in Cirrhotic Pulmonary Complication

Serum Soluble Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1 as a Potential Biomarker of Hepatopulmonary Syndrome

“…Several teams have tried to identify markers that aid in HPS diagnosis according to recognized mechanisms such as vascular tone, 26 endothelial dysfunction, 27 , 28 and PPA; 9 , 29 however, these clinical studies were not sufficiently effective. Endothelin-1 seems to be able to discriminate between HPS and non-HPS patients but with low PPV (53.8%).…”

“… 28 Moreover, endothelin-1 levels cannot discriminate between clinical and subclinical HPS patients. 27 Although the discrimination of serum vWF is relatively satisfactory, the specificity is only 54%. 30 ICAM-3 and VCAM-1 are considered good predictors of HPS diagnosis, but there is insufficient detailed information on their clinical application.…”