The role of encoding strategies in the verbal memory performance in patients with schizophrenia

Gsottschneider, Anna; Keller, Z.; Pitschel-Walz, Gabriele; Froböse, Teresa; Bäuml, Josef; Jähn, Thomas

doi:10.1348/174866410x497382

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Some studies have found that encoding is predominantly impaired. Superficial encoding (like serial encoding) is used more often by patients [51], but it is used less effectively than in healthy subjects [32,52]. Recourse to a semantic encoding strategy (also called deep encoding) is often a predictor of verbal learning capacity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distinct Episodic Verbal Memory Profiles in Schizophrenia

Brazo

Ilongo

Dollfus

2013

Behavioral Sciences

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According to some authors, episodic memory impairment may be a feature shared by all schizophrenic patients, whereas others argue in favor of the mnesic heterogeneity. Our aims were to determine whether patients can be grouped based on according to their mnesic performances. The California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), an episodic verbal learning test, was compared in 61 schizophrenic patients and 61 matched healthy subjects. The 32 indices were calculated using CVLT Scoring Software. This process allowed us to describe patients’ episodic processes in detail (encoding, storage, retrieval). We isolated one group with normative data, another showed impairment of both encoding and retrieval processes, and in the last one, only encoding process was impaired. As schizophrenia is heterogeneous with regard to episodic memory, impairments should not be considered as a common core to the various forms of the illness and it would be fruitful to systematically assess episodic processes in detail to take into account individual abilities and challenges.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, forced use of deep encoding strategies can help patients improve [4,5,32,42,52,53,54]. Thus, it might be helpful to teach remediation techniques that concentrate on practicing the choice of these semantic encoding strategies [51,55]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Episodic Verbal Memory Profiles in Schizophrenia

Brazo

Ilongo

Dollfus

2013

Behavioral Sciences

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“…Significant gains in insight may result by focusing cognitive remediation on memory training tasks and episodic encoding strategies. Interestingly, Fiszdon and colleagues 63 and Gsottschneider and colleagues 64 showed the effectiveness of such training for improving memory performance in patients with schizophrenia. Moreover, a recent study 60 has shown that improvement of insight and selfawareness in cognitive behaviour therapy is associated with increased precuneus activation during distorted conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schizophrenia with preserved insight is associated with increased perfusion of the precuneus

Faget-Agius

Boyer

Padovani

et al. 2012

J Psychiatry Neurosci

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“…However, successful episodic memory also depends upon processing semantic relationships between items, and there is evidence that relational memory processes are disproportionately impaired in SZ (Clare et al, 1993; Lepage et al, 2006; Ranganath, Minzenberg & Ragland, 2008; Titone et al, 2004). For example, on list-learning tasks such as the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT; Delis et al, 1987; 2000), clustering of semantically-related words improves recall in healthy participants (Delis et al, 1987; 2000), but patients tend to rely on serial order (Gsottschneider et al, 2011) rather than semantic-clustering strategies, contributing to severe list-learning impairments (Brebion et al, 2004; Iddon et al, 1998; Stone et al, 1998). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semantic processes leading to true and false memory formation in schizophrenia

Paz‐Alonso¹,

Ghetti²,

Ramsay³

et al. 2013

Schizophrenia Research

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Encoding semantic relationships between items on word lists (semantic processing) enhances true memories, but also increases memory distortions. Episodic memory impairments in schizophrenia (SZ) are strongly driven by failures to process semantic relations, but the exact nature of these relational semantic processing deficits are not well understood. Here, we used a false memory paradigm to investigate the impact of implicit and explicit semantic processing manipulations on episodic memory in SZ. Thirty SZ and 30 demographically matched healthy controls (HC) studied Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) lists of semantically associated words. Half of the lists had strong implicit semantic associations and the remainder had low strength associations. Similarly, half of the lists were presented under “standard” instructions and the other half under explicit “relational processing” instructions. After study, participants performed recall and old/new recognition tests composed of targets, critical lures, and unrelated lures. HC exhibited higher true memories and better discriminability between true and false memory compared to SZ. High, versus low, associative strength increased false memory rates in both groups. However, explicit “relational processing” instructions positively improved true memory rates only in HC. Finally, true and false memory rates were associated with severity of disorganized and negative symptoms in SZ. These results suggest that reduced processing of semantic relationships during encoding in SZ may stem from an inability to implement explicit relational processing strategies rather than a fundamental deficit in the implicit activation and retrieval of word meanings from patients’ semantic lexicon.

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The role of encoding strategies in the verbal memory performance in patients with schizophrenia

Cited by 27 publications

References 22 publications

Distinct Episodic Verbal Memory Profiles in Schizophrenia

Distinct Episodic Verbal Memory Profiles in Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia with preserved insight is associated with increased perfusion of the precuneus

Semantic processes leading to true and false memory formation in schizophrenia

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