The role of emotional functioning in military-related PTSD and its treatment

Price, Jennifer L.; Monson, Candice M.; Callahan, Jennifer L.; Rodriguez, Benjamin F.

doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2005.04.004

Cited by 89 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…1 Current affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine,Houston TX 77030 responses to irrelevant affective stimuli is critical to navigating a complex environment. Indeed, increased susceptibility to affective triggers has been implicated in the etiology and maintenance of major psychiatric disorders, including depression (e.g., Beauregard et al, 2006;Chiu and Deldin, 2007;Elliott et al, 2002;Holmes and Pizzagalli, 2007;Holmes and Pizzagalli, 2008;Johnstone et al, 2007), post-traumatic stress disorder (e.g., Frewen and Lanius, 2006;Price et al, 2006), and borderline personality disorder (e.g., Conklin et al, 2006;Johnson et al, 2003). Toward the aim of elucidating how emotional response monitoring may be perturbed in psychopathology, the primary goal of the present work was to examine the timecourse and regional specificity of neural processes involved in response inhibition to emotional cues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociable recruitment of rostral anterior cingulate and inferior frontal cortex in emotional response inhibition

2008

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The integrity of decision-making under emotionally evocative circumstances is critical to navigating complex environments, and dysfunctions in these processes may play an important role in the emergence and maintenance of various psychopathologies. The goal of the present study was to examine the spatial and temporal dynamics of neural responses to emotional stimuli and emotionmodulated response inhibition. High-density event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were measured as participants (N = 25) performed an emotional Go/NoGo task that required button presses to words of a "target" emotional valence (i.e., positive, negative, neutral) and response inhibition to words of a different "distractor" valence. Using scalp ERP analyses in conjunction with source-localization techniques, we identified distinct neural responses associated with affective salience and affectmodulated response inhibition, respectively. Both earlier (~300 ms) and later (~700 ms) ERP components were enhanced with successful response inhibition to emotional distractors. Only ERPs to target stimuli differentiated affective from neutral cues. Moreover, source localization analyses revealed right ventral lateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) activation in affective response inhibition regardless of emotional valence, whereas rostral anterior cingulate activation (rACC) was potentiated by emotional valence but was not modulated by response inhibition. This dissociation was supported by a significant Region × Trial Type × Emotion interaction, confirming that distinct regional dynamics characterize neural responses to affective valence and affective response-inhibition. The results are discussed in the context of an emerging affective neuroscience literature and implications for understanding psychiatric pathologies characterized by a detrimental susceptibility to emotional cues, with an emphasis on major depressive disorder.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociable recruitment of rostral anterior cingulate and inferior frontal cortex in emotional response inhibition

2008

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“…Dysphoria PTSD symptom cluster in PCL-M includes the inability to recall aspects of trauma, loss of interest, detachment, restricted affect, sense of foreshortened future, sleep disturbance, irritability and difficulty concentrating (Pietrzak, Harpaz-Rotem, & Southwick, 2011;Rademaker et al, 2012). All of these symptoms may disrupt the ability to assert some degree of control over emotions, including the ability to cope with 9 TABLE 3 Set correlation strong emotions, both positive and negative, without feeling overwhelmed, as well as the ability to easily transition between emotional states (Boden et al, 2013;Price et al, 2006;Shepherd & Wild, 2014). Individuals with PTSD dedicate significant resources in order to identify, label, evaluate, manage and modify the experience and expression of their emotions (Badour & Feldner, 2013;Tull et al, 2007) in which they are usually unsuccessful.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, individuals with low emotional competence engage in less adaptive strategies for handling emotional reaction elicited by traumatic event cues, thus interfering with the natural extinction process needed to reduce traumatic event--related reactions (Badour & Feldner, 2013;Tull et al, 2007). Improvement in emotional competence skills, especially emotional expression and regulation, have been shown to predict greater symptom reduction during treatments that target engagement in traumatic event cues in order to extinguish associated harmful emotional reactivity (Peterson et al, 2011;Price et al, 2006 petence may serve as a maintaining factor for PTSD reactions (Bensimon et al, 2013;Boden et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It appears that interventions organized toward improving emotional regulation may be useful as complementary or independent treatments for combat-related PTSD. Emotion regulation skills training may be a useful intervention strategy for trauma survivors, especially since it seems that these difficulties serve to maintain or exacerbate PTSD symptoms (Price et al, 2006;Tull et al, 2007). The importance of incorporating emotional competence and regulation skills training modules in PTSD treatments is highlighted in research that shows that emotion regulation difficulties reduce the effectiveness of the traditional treatments for PTSD (Brousse et al, 2011;Hayes, Vanelzakker, & Shin, 2012;Price et al, 2006;Tull et al, 2007).…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been found to be related to suppression of emotions (Boden et al, 2013), emotional dysregulation (Ehring & Quack, 2010;Kashdan, Breen, & Julian, 2010;Price, Monson, Callahan, & Rodriguez, 2006), and avoidance of uncomfortable internal experiences (Bensimon et al, 2013;Kashdan et al, 2010). For example, Tull, Barrett, McMillan, and Roemer (2007) found an association between PTSD symptom severity and lack of emotional acceptance, difficulties in impulse-control, ineffective emotional regulation and lack of emotional clarity in trauma exposed individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emotional Competence and Combat-Related PTSD Symptoms in Croatian Homeland War Veterans

Knežević¹,

Krupić

Šućurović³

2017

Drustvena istrazivanja

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This study examined the relationship between four factors of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms -re-experiencing, avoidance, dysphoria and hyperarousal -and particular domains of emotional competence and emotional regulation and control among 215 Croatian Homeland War veterans. Cross-sectionally, emotional competence subscales -perceiving and understanding emotions, expressing and labelling emotions, managing and regulating emotions -were associated with dysphoria symptom cluster only, while emotional regulation and control subscalesinfluence of emotion and mood on memory and emotional reaction control -were associated with dysphoria and re-experiencing symptom clusters. The results of this study are consistent with the view that successful recovery from trauma requires adaptive emotion competence skills and that therefore difficulties in dealing with emotions (understanding, expressing or regulating) are a risk factor for the development and/or maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. It appears that interventions organized toward improving emotional competence and regulation may be useful as complementary or independent treatments for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder.

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Critical considerations for the positive memory‐posttraumatic stress disorder model

Contractor

Banducci

Weiss

2021

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) includes changes in processes such as encoding and retrieval for both traumatic and positive memories. However, most work has predominantly focused on traumatic memories. Thus, Contractor and colleagues proposed a Positive Memory-PTSD model, which highlighted potential benefits associated with and mechanisms underlying positive memory retrieval/processing among individuals reporting PTSD symptoms. To enhance research on and clinical impacts of this model, the current review provides critical considerations for the Positive Memory-PTSD model. Drawing from emerging research and clinical observations, we (i) clarify that the model addresses specific versus overgeneral positive memories; (ii) underscore the importance of considering the heterogeneity in, and transitionary nature of, affect processes following positive memory retrieval; and (iii) highlight the rationale for considering trauma type/count and co-occurring conditions, as potential moderators of relations between positive memory processing and PTSD. Hereby, we provide an updated Positive Memory-PTSD model and implications for positive memory interventions drawing from this model.

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The role of emotional functioning in military-related PTSD and its treatment

Cited by 89 publications

References 29 publications

Dissociable recruitment of rostral anterior cingulate and inferior frontal cortex in emotional response inhibition

Dissociable recruitment of rostral anterior cingulate and inferior frontal cortex in emotional response inhibition

Emotional Competence and Combat-Related PTSD Symptoms in Croatian Homeland War Veterans

Critical considerations for the positive memory‐posttraumatic stress disorder model

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