The Role of Emotion‐Driven Impulse Control Difficulties in the Relation Between Social Anxiety and Aggression

Dixon, Laura; Tull, Matthew T.; Lee, Aaron A.; Kimbrel, Nathan A.; Gratz, Kim L.

doi:10.1002/jclp.22372

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Thus, for example, we were able to demonstrate that across the globe SAD disorder persistence is particularly highly associated with lower education, episode persistence is particularly associated with being a student, while both disorder and episode persistence are associated with being a homemaker. While it has previously been demonstrated that SAD more likely follows other anxiety disorders, and precedes depression [ 1 ], here we provide novel data on the comorbidity of SAD with impulse control disorders; this is valuable given that a link between social anxiety and aggression has been posited in the animal and clinical literature [ 28 , 29 ]. It is notable that in both lifetime and 12-month SAD, SAD begins earlier in only 31.4–35.4% of cases of comorbid anxiety disorder, due to the common comorbidity with specific phobia which has the earliest onset of the anxiety disorders, but SAD begins earlier in 48.8–80.9% of cases of comorbid mood disorder, substance use disorder, or impulse control disorder.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder: Data from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative

Stein

Lim

Roest

et al. 2017

BMC Med

333

168

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BackgroundThere is evidence that social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a prevalent and disabling disorder. However, most of the available data on the epidemiology of this condition originate from high income countries in the West. The World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative provides an opportunity to investigate the prevalence, course, impairment, socio-demographic correlates, comorbidity, and treatment of this condition across a range of high, middle, and low income countries in different geographic regions of the world, and to address the question of whether differences in SAD merely reflect differences in threshold for diagnosis.MethodsData from 28 community surveys in the WMH Survey Initiative, with 142,405 respondents, were analyzed. We assessed the 30-day, 12-month, and lifetime prevalence of SAD, age of onset, and severity of role impairment associated with SAD, across countries. In addition, we investigated socio-demographic correlates of SAD, comorbidity of SAD with other mental disorders, and treatment of SAD in the combined sample. Cross-tabulations were used to calculate prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and treatment. Survival analysis was used to estimate age of onset, and logistic regression and survival analyses were used to examine socio-demographic correlates.ResultsSAD 30-day, 12-month, and lifetime prevalence estimates are 1.3, 2.4, and 4.0% across all countries. SAD prevalence rates are lowest in low/lower-middle income countries and in the African and Eastern Mediterranean regions, and highest in high income countries and in the Americas and the Western Pacific regions. Age of onset is early across the globe, and persistence is highest in upper-middle income countries, Africa, and the Eastern Mediterranean. There are some differences in domains of severe role impairment by country income level and geographic region, but there are no significant differences across different income level and geographic region in the proportion of respondents with any severe role impairment. Also, across countries SAD is associated with specific socio-demographic features (younger age, female gender, unmarried status, lower education, and lower income) and with similar patterns of comorbidity. Treatment rates for those with any impairment are lowest in low/lower-middle income countries and highest in high income countries.ConclusionsWhile differences in SAD prevalence across countries are apparent, we found a number of consistent patterns across the globe, including early age of onset, persistence, impairment in multiple domains, as well as characteristic socio-demographic correlates and associated psychiatric comorbidities. In addition, while there are some differences in the patterns of impairment associated with SAD across the globe, key similarities suggest that the threshold for diagnosis is similar regardless of country income levels or geographic location. Taken together, these cross-national data emphasize the international clinical and public health significance of SAD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder: Data from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative

Stein

Lim

Roest

et al. 2017

BMC Med

333

168

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“…Adolescents rated the extent to which they experience the specified statements on a scale from 1 ( almost never ) to 5 ( almost always ). Example items are as follows: “When I’m upset, I have difficulty controlling my behaviors” and “When I’m upset, I feel out of control.” This six-item subscale has been used in several studies using community samples (Dixon, Tull, Lee, Kimbrel, & Gratz, 2017). Internal consistency in the current sample was alpha of .83 for Time 1 and .81 for Time 2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Frequency Heart Rate Variability and Emotion-Driven Impulse Control Difficulties During Adolescence: Examining Experienced and Expressed Negative Emotion as Moderators

Gonçalves

Chaplin

López

et al. 2020

The Journal of Early Adolescence

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Emotion-driven impulse control difficulties are associated with negative psychological outcomes. Extant research suggests that high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) may be indicative of emotion-driven impulse control difficulties and potentially moderated by negative emotion. In the current study, 248 eleven- to 14-year-olds and their parent engaged in a negatively emotionally arousing conflict task at Time 1. Adolescents’ HF-HRV and negative emotional expression and experience were assessed before, during, and/or after the task. Adolescents reported on their levels of emotion-driven impulse control difficulties at Time 1 and one year later. Results revealed that higher levels of HF-HRV reactivity (i.e., higher HF-HRV augmentation) predicted higher levels of emotion-driven impulse control difficulties 1 year later among adolescents who experienced higher negative emotion. These findings suggest that negative emotional context should be considered when examining HF-HRV reactivity as a risk factor for emotion-driven impulse control difficulties and associated outcomes.

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“…Similarly, difficulties in emotional impulse control have been linked to substance use (e.g., Dingle et al, 2018), aggression (e.g., Dixon et al, 2017), and other various types of symptomatology (e.g., Cheung & Ng, 2019;Fergus & Bardeen, 2014). Other studies (e.g., Dixon et al, 2017;McLaughlin et al, 2011) also emphasize the importance of ER abilities in the development and course of various psychopathological symptoms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…For example, problems identifying emotions (i.e., emotional clarity) have been associated with symptoms of social anxiety, depression, and maladaptive behaviors such as alcohol use and binge eating (Vine & Aldao, 2014). Similarly, difficulties in emotional impulse control have been linked to substance use (e.g., Dingle et al, 2018), aggression (e.g., Dixon et al, 2017), and other various types of symptomatology (e.g., Cheung & Ng, 2019;Fergus & Bardeen, 2014). Other studies (e.g., Dixon et al, 2017;McLaughlin et al, 2011) also emphasize the importance of ER abilities in the development and course of various psychopathological symptoms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there are many studies on the relationship between ER and psychopathological symptoms, the results are still broad and unspecific: many of them focus on only one specific psychological symptom (e.g., anxiety; Dixon et al, 2017), or only one ER mechanism (emotional clarity; Vine & Aldao, 2014), or combine the different ER abilities (or the different psychopathological dimensions) into a single general index. Our approach seeks to provide a broader understanding by considering how the interaction of different mechanisms of ER have differential effects according to the type of psychopathological symptoms assessed.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Emotion Regulation Difficulties, Distress Tolerance and Psychopathological Symptoms

Valle

Zamora

Urquijo

et al. 2022

RPsych

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Emotion Regulation (ER) has been identified as a factor that may be related to psychopathological symptoms. However, evidence about the relationship between ER and psychopathological symptoms is still unspecific. Moreover, although the ability of distress tolerance (DT) has gained increasing attention, it has not yet been sufficiently explored in relation to specific psychopathological symptoms. The aim of the study was to analyze the role of different specific ER mechanisms on various psychopathological symptoms, with particular emphasis on the role of DT. To do so, a correlational study was carried out. A total of 128 university students between 18 and 44 years old (mean age = 26.7, SD = 6.14) answered the Distress Tolerance Scale, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and the Symptom Check List 90-Revised. For each psychopathological symptom (and for general distress), linear regression were applied. All models were statistically significant with differences in the amount of explained variance and in the predictors. DT predicted symptoms of depression, anxiety, obsessions and compulsions and general distress. The study highlights the importance of the different mechanisms of ER in each specific psychopathological symptom and their implications for mental health.

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The Role of Emotion‐Driven Impulse Control Difficulties in the Relation Between Social Anxiety and Aggression

Abstract: Results highlight the potential utility of targeting emotion-driven impulse control difficulties to decrease aggression among socially anxious individuals.

Cited by 18 publications

References 49 publications

The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder: Data from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative

The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder: Data from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative

High-Frequency Heart Rate Variability and Emotion-Driven Impulse Control Difficulties During Adolescence: Examining Experienced and Expressed Negative Emotion as Moderators

Emotion Regulation Difficulties, Distress Tolerance and Psychopathological Symptoms

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