The role of elevation, relative sea-level history and vegetation transition in determining carbon distribution in Spartina alterniflora dominated salt marshes

Kulawardhana, R. W.; Feagin, Rusty A.; Popescu, Sorin C.; Boutton, Thomas W.; Yeager, Kevin M.; Bianchi, Thomas S.

doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2014.12.032

Cited by 42 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Our results suggest that investing greater resources in refining project design and implementation may prove invaluable; if high stem density species are targeted based on the geomorphic setting, vertical accretion and CAR may be optimized, ultimately increasing the beneficial lifespan of the marsh. (Kulawardhana et al 2015, Propato et al 2018. This study, among others, points to the necessity for long-term marsh monitoring and modeling under potential sea-level, sediment availability, and climate scenarios Fig.…”

Section: Implications For Marsh Creation and Restorationmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Conceptual diagram illustrating site-specific feedback processes influencing accretion and carbon accumulation in created dredge sediment wetlands. (Kulawardhana et al 2015, Propato et al 2018. Several questions remain to be resolved; in particular, whether the influence of stem density on LCAR extends to created marshes in different geomorphic settings or with greater sediment availabilities.…”

Section: Implications For Marsh Creation and Restorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors influencing blue carbon accumulation across a 32‐year chronosequence of created coastal marshes

2019

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Saline coastal marshes are blue carbon ecosystems with relatively high soil carbon (C) stocks and high rates of soil C accumulation. Loss of saline wetlands due to relative sea-level rise, land-use change, and hydrologic alterations liberates previously stored C and reduces the capacity for future C sequestration. Widespread wetland loss has prompted marsh restoration and creation projects around the world; however, little is known about the timescale and capacity for created marshes to function as blue C sinks and the role of environmental conditions in mediating soil C accumulation in restoration sites. Using a chronosequence of five created saline marshes ranging in age from 5 to 32 yr and two adjacent natural reference marshes in southwest Louisiana, USA, short-and longer-term C accumulation rates (SCAR and LCAR, respectively) were determined using feldspar marker horizons and peat depth in cores at six locations in each marsh. Created marshes ranged in elevation from À12 to 41 cm (NAVD88) and supported assorted plant community compositions driven by local environmental conditions. SCAR ranged from 75 to 430 g CÁm À2 Áyr À1 , which were comparable in the two youngest and two oldest marshes. Longer-term CAR ranged from 18 to 99 g CÁm À2 Áyr À1 but did not significantly differ among marshes of different ages.Our findings indicate that LCAR in these created marshes were influenced by site-specific environmental conditions (i.e., stem density and mineral sediment) rather than marsh age. Results suggest that conditions appropriate for the establishment of vegetation with high stem densities, such as Distichlis spicata and Spartina patens, may facilitate higher LCAR in created marshes, which may be useful for restoration project planning and mitigation of climate change.

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Section: Implications For Marsh Creation and Restorationmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Implications For Marsh Creation and Restorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing blue carbon accumulation across a 32‐year chronosequence of created coastal marshes

2019

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“…Though we were unable to find a total flux value for the continental United States from the literature to compare with, it has been estimated that there is~220 Pg of carbon total and all wetlands (tidal and nontidal) within the United States provide a carbon sink of~49 Tg C/year, (Bridgham et al, 2006). all vulnerability of blue carbon to storm events (Bianchi et al, 2013;Comeaux, Allison, & Bianchi, 2011;Kulawardhana et al, 2015;Osland et al, 2016). According to Tampa Bay Blue Carbon Assessment, mangrove encroachment and expansion will be prominent as relative sea level rises, in many areas, to the detriment of other vital tidal wetlands such as salt marshes and tidally influenced forests (Sheehan et al, 2016).…”

Section: Spatial Distribution Of Tidal Wetland Carbonmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Globally, mangroves have been estimated to bury~218 AE 72 Tg C/year(Bouillon et al, 2008) Howard et al (2017). For example, more mature stands of mangroves are now found in more northern regions in the Gulf of Mexico due to a decrease in freezing events; this will have a significant impact on the type and amount of carbon stored and the overall vulnerability of blue carbon to storm events(Bianchi et al, 2013;Comeaux, Allison, & Bianchi, 2011;Kulawardhana et al, 2015;Osland et al, 2016). In the upper 15 cm, the results are similar and show the same trends as 0-100 cm.…”

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confidence: 99%

The spatial distribution of soil organic carbon in tidal wetland soils of the continental United States

Hinson

Feagin

Eriksson

et al. 2017

Global Change Biology

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Tidal wetlands contain large reservoirs of carbon in their soils and can sequester carbon dioxide (CO ) at a greater rate per unit area than nearly any other ecosystem. The spatial distribution of this carbon influences climate and wetland policy. To assist with international accords such as the Paris Climate Agreement, national-level assessments such as the United States (U.S.) National Greenhouse Gas Inventory, and regional, state, local, and project-level evaluation of CO sequestration credits, we developed a geodatabase (CoBluCarb) and high-resolution maps of soil organic carbon (SOC) distribution by linking National Wetlands Inventory data with the U.S. Soil Survey Geographic Database. For over 600,000 wetlands, the total carbon stock and organic carbon density was calculated at 5-cm vertical resolution from 0 to 300 cm of depth. Across the continental United States, there are 1,153-1,359 Tg of SOC in the upper 0-100 cm of soils across a total of 24 945.9 km of tidal wetland area, twice as much carbon as the most recent national estimate. Approximately 75% of this carbon was found in estuarine emergent wetlands with freshwater tidal wetlands holding about 19%. The greatest pool of SOC was found within the Atchafalaya/Vermilion Bay complex in Louisiana, containing about 10% of the U.S. total. The average density across all tidal wetlands was 0.071 g cm across 0-15 cm, 0.055 g cm across 0-100 cm, and 0.040 g cm at the 100 cm depth. There is inherent variability between and within individual wetlands; however, we conclude that it is possible to use standardized values at a range of 0-100 cm of the soil profile, to provide first-order quantification and to evaluate future changes in carbon stocks in response to environmental perturbations. This Tier 2-oriented carbon stock assessment provides a scientific method that can be copied by other nations in support of international requirements.

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“…Topographic mapping is an important subject in riverine, estuarine and coastal environments, related to a wide range of issues such as land loss, bank erosion, wetland degradation, barrier island protection, and wildlife conservation [1,2]. In areas with low gradient topography like coastal wetlands, small elevation changes in a few centimeters can sometimes cause flood in some areas, significantly alter salinity, and hence transform the distribution of vegetation species [3,4]. As an ancillary data resource, topographic models can be further fused with other data to assist classifications of land cover/use types, vegetation species, mineral types, wildlife habitats, and estimation of carbon stocks [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of High-Resolution Topographic Mapping on Beach Morphological Analyses Based on Terrestrial LiDAR and Object-Oriented Beach Evolution

Meng

Zhang

Silva³

et al. 2017

IJGI

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This research applied terrestrial LiDAR for laboratory beach evolution experiments to quantify the impact of resolution on topographic mapping and change analyses. The multi-site registration and multi-temporal scanning processes produced high accuracy (−0.002 ± 0.003 m) topographic models in a wave tank environment. Morphological analyses based on surface change and profiles showed that models of all resolutions were capable of capturing major sediment changes in relatively smooth areas. However, higher resolution models were necessary in areas with rough surfaces and sudden elevation changes, while coarser resolution models smoothed the roughness and underestimated feature height (e.g., peaks and troughs). Decreasing resolutions from 1 to 10 cm resulted in a 2% underestimation of erosional volumes with a linear regression of y = −0.0964x + 0.4185 (R 2 = 0.9651) and 3.5% overestimation of depositional volumes with a linear regression of y = 0.0664x + 0.3308 (R 2 = 0.3645). However, its impact on erosion and deposition volume assessment based on object-oriented beach evolution analysis is less significant, except when fragment objects dominate the sediment changes. For Coastal Morphology Analyst (CMA), the impact of resolution is more observable through 2D object mapping in terms of object size, number, and spatial distribution. Finally, wave modeling experiments proved that resolutions caused significant changes on the behavior of the maximum wave height, the shape of the wave fronts and magnitudes of the currents.

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The role of elevation, relative sea-level history and vegetation transition in determining carbon distribution in Spartina alterniflora dominated salt marshes

Cited by 42 publications

References 55 publications

Factors influencing blue carbon accumulation across a 32‐year chronosequence of created coastal marshes

Factors influencing blue carbon accumulation across a 32‐year chronosequence of created coastal marshes

The spatial distribution of soil organic carbon in tidal wetland soils of the continental United States

Impact of High-Resolution Topographic Mapping on Beach Morphological Analyses Based on Terrestrial LiDAR and Object-Oriented Beach Evolution

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