The role of efferents in human auditory development: efferent inhibition predicts frequency discrimination in noise for children

Mishra, Samarth

doi:10.1152/jn.00136.2020

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 96 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…Evidence from others [ 22 , 29 ] points to a dynamic relationship between MOC function and central mechanisms during tasks in which individuals are attending to signals in noise. Behavioral output is modulated by interactions between the MOC system and central mechanisms that are attention- and experience-dependent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternately, the unmasking provided by the MOC system may not be used at all [ 16 , 25 ]. It has been shown that the efferent system may have a greater role to play during auditory development in early childhood, when the central mechanisms for listening in noise are still immature [ 29 ]. The ERP data from the present adult study also support the hypothesis that passive and active central mechanisms may not reflect the facilitatory changes recorded at the periphery in laboratory conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Future studies should be directed toward understanding the role of the MOC system and its interactions with attention, learning and speech perception. Furthermore, information is required about its role during the developmental period [ 29 ] and in clinical populations [ 87 , 88 ]. This will inform the optimal procedures to use for the testing and rehabilitation of those who exhibit speech-in-noise difficulties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Middle-ear acoustic reflexes were not obtained to the different stimuli used in this experiment due to time and equipment constraints. While this level is below the average middle-ear reflex threshold for young adults [ 54 ], it has been used in similar studies [ 29 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the MOC system may not be used in natural listening conditions. Age may also play a role, with young children being more dependent on the efferent system for listening in noise compared with older children (>9 years) and adults [ 29 ]. The MOC-mediated mechanisms in central auditory processing may be recruited only in some specific conditions that remain to be investigated [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating Influences of Medial Olivocochlear Efferent System on Central Auditory Processing and Listening in Noise: A Behavioral and Event-Related Potential Study

et al. 2020

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This electrophysiological study investigated the role of the medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferents in listening in noise. Both ears of eleven normal-hearing adult participants were tested. The physiological tests consisted of transient-evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) inhibition and the measurement of cortical event-related potentials (ERPs). The mismatch negativity (MMN) and P300 responses were obtained in passive and active listening tasks, respectively. Behavioral responses for the word recognition in noise test were also analyzed. Consistent with previous findings, the TEOAE data showed significant inhibition in the presence of contralateral acoustic stimulation. However, performance in the word recognition in noise test was comparable for the two conditions (i.e., without contralateral stimulation and with contralateral stimulation). Peak latencies and peak amplitudes of MMN and P300 did not show changes with contralateral stimulation. Behavioral performance was also maintained in the P300 task. Together, the results show that the peripheral auditory efferent effects captured via otoacoustic emission (OAE) inhibition might not necessarily be reflected in measures of central cortical processing and behavioral performance. As the MOC effects may not play a role in all listening situations in adults, the functional significance of the cochlear effects of the medial olivocochlear efferents and the optimal conditions conducive to corresponding effects in behavioral and cortical responses remain to be elucidated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating Influences of Medial Olivocochlear Efferent System on Central Auditory Processing and Listening in Noise: A Behavioral and Event-Related Potential Study

et al. 2020

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Listening in complex acoustic scenes

King

Walker

2020

Current Opinion in Physiology

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Being able to pick out particular sounds, such as speech, against a background of other sounds represents one of the key tasks performed by the auditory system. Understanding how this happens is important because speech recognition in noise is particularly challenging for older listeners and for people with hearing impairments. Central to this ability is the capacity of neurons to adapt to the statistics of sounds reaching the ears, which helps to generate noise-tolerant representations of sounds in the brain. In more complex auditory scenes, such as a cocktail party — where the background noise comprises other voices, sound features associated with each source have to be grouped together and segregated from those belonging to other sources. This depends on precise temporal coding and modulation of cortical response properties when attending to a particular speaker in a multi-talker environment. Furthermore, the neural processing underlying auditory scene analysis is shaped by experience over multiple timescales.

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