The role of education and income for cognitive functioning in old age: A cross‐country comparison

Rodriguez, Francisca S.; Hofbauer, Lena M; Röhr, Susanne

doi:10.1002/gps.5613

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…One study at country level, found that the aggregated effect of education was twice the effect of income on cognitive functioning in adult aged 50 years and older, and thus indirectly moderated the effect of income on cognitive functioning. They further report that the effect sizes varied strongly between countries, concluding that country’s GDP per-capita seems to influence cognitive functioning [ 62 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging and self-reported health in 114 Latin American cities: gender and socio-economic inequalities

et al. 2022

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Background Understanding how urban environments influence people’s health, especially as individuals age, can help identify ways to improve health in the rapidly urbanizing and rapidly aging populations. Objectives To investigate the association between age and self-reported health (SRH) in adults living in Latin-American cities and whether gender and city-level socioeconomic characteristics modify this association. Methods Cross-sectional analyses of 71,541 adults aged 25–97 years, from 114 cities in 6 countries (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, El Salvador, and Guatemala), as part of the Salud Urbana en America Latina (SALURBAL) Project. We used individual-level age, gender, education, and self-reported health (SRH) data from harmonized health surveys. As proxies for socioeconomic environment we used a city-level socioeconomic index (SEI) calculated from census data, and gross domestic product (GDP) per-capita. Multilevel Poisson models with a robust variance were used to estimate relative risks (RR), with individuals nested in cities and binary SRH (poor SHR vs. good SRH) as the outcome. We examined effect modification by gender and city-level socioeconomic indicators. Results Overall, 31.4% of the sample reported poor SRH. After adjusting for individual-level education, men had a lower risk of poor SRH (RR = 0.76; CI 0.73–0.78) compared to women, and gender modified the association between age and poor SRH (p-value of interaction < 0.001). In gender stratified models, the association between older age and poor SRH was more pronounced in men than in women, and in those aged 25–65 than among those 65+ (RR/10 years = 1.38 vs. 1.10 for men, and RR/10 years = 1.29 vs. 1.02 for women). Living in cities with higher SEI or higher GDP per-capita was associated with a lower risk of poor SRH. GDP per-capita modified the association between age (25–65) and SRH in men and women, with SEI the interaction was less clear. Conclusions Across cities in Latin America, aging impact on health is significant among middle-aged adults, and among men. In both genders, cities with lower SEI or lower GDP per-capita were associated with poor SRH. More research is needed to better understand gender inequalities and how city socioeconomic environments, represented by different indicators, modify exposures and vulnerabilities associated with aging.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging and self-reported health in 114 Latin American cities: gender and socio-economic inequalities

et al. 2022

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“…In previous studies, education and income were reported to impact cognitive performance in people aged ≥50 years [ 35 ]. A systematic review indicated that individuals had cognitive impairment during the first episode of depression and those with multiple episodes showed more severe cognitive impairment [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of High-Sugar Diet and History of Stroke with Risk of Cognitive Decline in Older Adults

Zhang

et al. 2022

Med Sci Monit

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Background Cognitive decline has become a public health concern as it causes adverse economic and socio-psychological outcomes. Studies have assessed the effects of history of stroke or high-sugar diet on cognitive decline of older adults, but whether there was interaction between high-sugar diet and history of stroke in affecting cognitive decline was still unclear. The present study explored the interaction between high-sugar diet and history of stroke in affecting the risk of cognitive decline in older adults. Materia/Methods This cross-sectional study included 2710 subjects. Univariate analysis was applied to explore the associations of high-sugar diet or history of stroke in affecting cognitive decline. The relative excess risk of interaction (RERI), synergy index (SI), and attributable proportion of interaction (API) were used to assess the interaction of high-sugar diet and history of stroke in risk of cognitive decline. Results An increased risk of cognitive decline was observed in people with history of stroke [odds ratio (OR)=1.826, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.124–2.968] and high-sugar diet (OR=1.509, 95% CI: 1.109–2.052). The confidence intervals of interaction indicators RERI=1.257 (95% CI: 0.188–2.326) and API=0.386 (95% CI: 0.135–0.638) did not contain 0 and were both >0; the confidence interval of SI=2.261 (95% CI: 1.063–4.809) did not contain 1 and were >1. Conclusions A high-sugar diet and history of stroke interacted synergically in association with cognitive decline in older adults, which might provide a reference for management of cognition in older adults.

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“…First, more educated older adults have higher health literacy, so there is a positive correlation between OAE and health literacy; such education is associated with better health and survival ( 37 ). Second, higher levels of education help individuals to build psychosocial resources; increased education can prevent cognitive impairment in older adults ( 47 ). Third, people with higher levels of education are more likely to adopt positive health behaviors, compared with people who have lower levels of education; in this context, positive health behaviors include regular exercise, moderate alcohol consumption, and avoidance of smoking.…”

Section: Challenges Of Oaementioning

confidence: 99%

The promotion of active aging through older adult education in the context of population aging

Zhang

Kan²,

Luo³

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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We have entered an era of population aging, and many public health problems associated with aging are becoming more serious. Older adults have earlier onset of chronic diseases and suffer more disability. Therefore, it is extremely important to promote active aging and enhance health literacy. These involves full consideration of the need for education and the provision of solutions to problems associated with aging. The development of OAE is an important measure for implementing the strategy of active aging, and curriculum construction is a fundamental component of achieving OAE. Various subjective and objective factors have limited the development of OAE. To overcome these difficulties and ensure both active and healthy aging, the requirements for active aging should be implemented, the limitations of current OAE should be addressed, system integration should be increased, and the curriculum system should be improved. These approaches will help to achieve the goal of active aging. This paper discusses OAE from the perspective of active aging, based on the promotion of health literacy and provides suggestions to protect physical and mental health among older adults, while promoting their social participation. The provision of various social guarantees for normal life in older adults is a new educational concept.

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The role of education and income for cognitive functioning in old age: A cross‐country comparison

Cited by 22 publications

References 31 publications

Aging and self-reported health in 114 Latin American cities: gender and socio-economic inequalities

Aging and self-reported health in 114 Latin American cities: gender and socio-economic inequalities

Interaction of High-Sugar Diet and History of Stroke with Risk of Cognitive Decline in Older Adults

The promotion of active aging through older adult education in the context of population aging

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