The role of dust in climate changes today, at the last glacial maximum and in the future

Harrison, Sandy P.; Kohfeld, Karen E.; Roelandt, C.; Claquin, T.

doi:10.1016/s0012-8252(01)00041-1

Cited by 410 publications

(245 citation statements)

References 254 publications

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“…The fluxes, particle size, mineralogy, and chemistry of atmospheric mineral dust may affect the Earth's climate system, the chemistry of the atmosphere, and the global biogeochemical cycles of many elements (Goudie and Middleton, 2001;Harrison et al, 2001). Mineral dust in the atmosphere may modify the Earth's radiation budget through the absorption and scattering of incoming solar and outgoing terrestrial radiation, act as condensation nuclei to promote the formation of clouds, and adsorb many chemicals because of their reactive surface areas.…”

Section: Inorganic Geochemistry Of Peat As a Palaeoclimatic Indicatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and refinement of proxy-climate indicators from peats

Chambers

Booth

Vleeschouwer

et al. 2012

Quaternary International

157

104

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OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. This is an author-deposited version published in : http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/ Eprints ID : 11364 The Netherlands a b s t r a c t Peat, especially from acidic mires (bogs), is a natural archive of past environmental change. Reconstructions of past climate from bogs commenced in the 19th Century through examination of visible peat stratigraphy, and later formed the basis for a postglacial climatic scheme widely used in Northwest Europe. Nevertheless, misconceptions as to how bogs grow led to a 50-year lacuna in peat-climate study, before the concept of 'cyclic regeneration' in bogs was refuted. In recent decades, research using proxyclimate indicators from bogs has burgeoned. A range of proxies for past hydrological change has been developed, as well as use of pollen, bog oaks and pines and other data to reconstruct past temperatures. Most of this proxy-climate research has been carried out in Northern Europe, but peat-based research in parts of Asia and North America has increased, particularly during the last decade, while research has also been conducted in Australia, New Zealand and South America. This paper reviews developments in proxy-climate reconstructions from peatlands; chronicles use of a range of palaeo-proxies such as visible peat stratigraphy, plant macrofossils, peat humification, testate amoebae and non-pollen palynomorphs; and explains the use of wiggle-match radiocarbon dating and relationship to climate shifts. It details other techniques being used increasingly, such as biomarkers, stable-isotopes, inorganic geochemistry and estimation of dust flux; and points to new proxies under development. Although explicit protocols have been developed recently for research on ombrotrophic mires, it must be recognised that not all proxies and techniques have universal applicability, owing to differences in species assemblages, mire formation, topographic controls, and geochemical characteristics.

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Section: Inorganic Geochemistry Of Peat As a Palaeoclimatic Indicatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and refinement of proxy-climate indicators from peats

Chambers

Booth

Vleeschouwer

et al. 2012

Quaternary International

157

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Eolian dust is a major driver in the global climate system through its influence on light scattering and absorption (Harrison et al, 2001;Tegen and Fung, 1994), cloud and precipitation properties (Kaufman et al, 2002;Levin et al, 1996), and the oceanic biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nutrients as a result of deliv-ering micronutrients like iron (Duce and Tindale, 1991;Martin, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eolian dust input to the Subarctic North Pacific

Serno

Winckler

Anderson

et al. 2014

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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Eolian dust is a significant source of iron and other nutrients that are essential for the health of marine ecosystems and potentially a controlling factor of the high nutrient-low chlorophyll status of the Subarctic North Pacific. We map the spatial distribution of dust input using three different geochemical tracers of eolian dust, 4 He, 232 Th and rare earth elements, in combination with grain size distribution data, from a set of core-top sediments covering the entire Subarctic North Pacific. Using the suite of geochemical proxies to fingerprint different lithogenic components, we deconvolve eolian dust input from other lithogenic inputs such as volcanic ash, ice-rafted debris, riverine and hemipelagic input. While the open ocean sites far away from the volcanic arcs are dominantly composed of pure eolian dust, lithogenic components other than eolian dust play a more crucial role along the arcs. In sites dominated by dust, eolian dust input appears to be characterized by a nearly uniform grain size mode at ∼4 μm.Applying the 230 Th-normalization technique, our proxies yield a consistent pattern of uniform dust fluxes of 1-2 g/m 2 /yr across the Subarctic North Pacific. Elevated eolian dust fluxes of 2-4 g/m 2 /yr characterize the westernmost region off Japan and the southern Kurile Islands south of 45 • N and west of 165 • E along the main pathway of the westerly winds. The core-top based dust flux reconstruction is consistent with recent estimates based on dissolved thorium isotope concentrations in seawater from the Subarctic North Pacific. The dust flux pattern compares well with state-of-the-art dust model predictions in the western and central Subarctic North Pacific, but we find that dust fluxes are higher than modeled fluxes by 0.5-1 g/m 2 /yr in the northwest, northeast and eastern Subarctic North Pacific. Our results provide an important benchmark for biogeochemical models and a robust approach for downcore studies testing dust-induced iron fertilization of past changes in biological productivity in the Subarctic North Pacific.

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“…The oxygen, carbon and deuterium stable isotope compositions of peat plant cellulose have been used to reconstruct air temperatures (Dupont, 1986;Hong et al, 2000;Moschen et al, 2011). Besides those classical biological proxies, the inorganic fraction of peat also provides information on the abundance and origin of atmospheric mineral dust affecting the Earth's climate system (Goudie and Middleton, 2001;Harrison et al, 2001;Oppenheimer, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering human–climate interactions in an ombrotrophic peat record: REE, Nd and Pb isotope signatures of dust supplies over the last 2500years (Misten bog, Belgium)

Fagel

Allan

Roux

et al. 2014

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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, et al.. Deciphering human-climate interactions in an ombrotrophic peat record: REE, Nd and Pb isotope signatures of dust supplies over the last 2500 years (Misten bog, Belgium). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Elsevier, 2014Elsevier, , vol. 135, pp. 288-306. 10.1016Elsevier, /j.gca.2014 To cite this Fagel, Nathalie and Allan, Mohammed and Le Roux, Gaël and Mattielli, Nadine and Piotrowska, Natalia and Sikorski, Jaroslaw AbstractA high-resolution peat record from Eastern Belgium reveals the chronology of dust deposition for the last 2500 years. REE and lithogenic elements in addition to Nd and Pb isotopes were measured in a 173 cm age-dated peat profile and provide a continuous chronology of dust source and intensity. Calculated dust flux show pronounced increases c. 300 BC, 600 AD, 1000 AD, 1200 AD and from 1700 AD, corresponding to local and regional human activities combined with climate change.The Industrial Revolution samples (1700-1950 AD) are characterised by a significant enrichment in Sc-normalised REE abundance (sum REE/Sc > 25) due to intensive coal combustion. For the pre-Industrial Revolution samples, the Sc-normalised REE abundance (10 < Sum REE/Sc < 25) and the eNd variability (À13 to À9) are interpreted by a mixing between dust particles from local soils and long-range transport of desert particles. Three periods characterised by dominant-distal sources (c. 320 AD, 1000 AD and 1700 AD) are consistent with local wetter-than-average intervals as indicated by a lower degree of peat humification. Local erosion prevails during the drier (higher humification) intervals (100 AD, 600 AD). On a global scale, more distal supplies are driven during colder periods, in particular during the Oort and Maunder minima, suggesting a potential link between dust deposition and global climate. Combining REE abundance, fractionation between Light REE and Heavy REE and Nd isotope data in ombrotrophic peat allows one to distinguish between dust flux changes related to human and climate forcings.

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The role of dust in climate changes today, at the last glacial maximum and in the future

Cited by 410 publications

References 254 publications

Development and refinement of proxy-climate indicators from peats

Development and refinement of proxy-climate indicators from peats

Eolian dust input to the Subarctic North Pacific

Deciphering human–climate interactions in an ombrotrophic peat record: REE, Nd and Pb isotope signatures of dust supplies over the last 2500years (Misten bog, Belgium)

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