The role of dopamine in locomotor activity and learning

Beninger, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/0165-0173(83)90038-3

Cited by 798 publications

(359 citation statements)

References 162 publications

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“…A loss of normal signal-to-noise ratios within the striatum might in itself account for the disruptive effects of DA loss on the acquisition of reinforced behavior. If reinforcement involves long-term modifications in the strength of striatal input signals [9,102,124], then abnormalities in the relative strength of these inputs would prevent reinforcement of appropriate inputs. However, DA is also necessary for striatal plasticity [21,25].…”

Section: Da Activity Gates the Throughput Of Sensorimotor And Incentimentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopamine gating of glutamatergic sensorimotor and incentive motivational input signals to the striatum

Horvitz

2002

Behavioural Brain Research

186

148

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Section: Da Activity Gates the Throughput Of Sensorimotor And Incentimentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopamine gating of glutamatergic sensorimotor and incentive motivational input signals to the striatum

Horvitz

2002

Behavioural Brain Research

186

148

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“…It has been proposed to mediate the sensory pleasure of reward (Wise, 1982) and incentive learning (Beninger, 1983;Di Chiara, 1998, 1999, 2002. Other authors have suggested a role in the attribution of incentive salience to different stimuli (Berridge and Robinson, 1998;Robinson and Berridge, 1993) or in the invigoration of behaviors (Ikemoto and Panksepp, 1999;Salamone and Correa, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Regulation of the Consummatory, Motivational and Anticipatory Aspects of Feeding Behavior by Dopaminergic and Opioidergic Drugs

Barbano

Cador

2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

111

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Various aspects of feeding behavior (eg consumption, motivation and anticipation) are regulated by homeostatic and hedonic systems, and are modulated by dopaminergic and opioid brain systems. Here, we have studied the modulation of these aspects of feeding behavior by opioid and dopaminergic neurotransmission while taking into account food palatability and homeostatic state. Foods that varied in palatability were presented to either food sated or food restricted rats following injections of different doses of naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, or flupenthixol, a dopaminergic receptor antagonist, in behavioral paradigms that measured different aspects of feeding. Naloxone decreased food intake in a dose-dependent manner in sated rats given access to palatable food, without modifying food intake in food restricted rats. Flupenthixol did not have any effect on food intake. With regard to motivation, which was tested in a straight alley, naloxone increased the latency to reach the food only in sated rats presented with palatable food. Flupenthixol did not modify the latency of any group. Conditioned locomotor activity to repeated food presentation, a measure of anticipation, is expressed only in food restricted rats. Naloxone did not modify anticipatory activity, whereas flupenthixol decreased it only in food restricted rats presented with palatable food. These results reinforce the idea that the opioid system regulates feeding through the modulation of the perceived palatability of food. The dopaminergic system seems to be more important for the regulation of anticipatory activity related to motivationally relevant stimuli.

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“…These deficits are evident neither in nonvolitional motor behavior, such as escape, nor in consummatory behavior (Blackburn et al 1989;Le Moal & Simon 1991). It is precisely incentive motivation that is lost, so that volitional behavior elicited by incentive stimuli cannot be initiated or facilitated (Beninger 1983;Bozarth 1987;Koob et al 1993;Le Moal & Simon 1991). We emphasize that DA mediation of incentive motivation is not proposed here; rather, DA is seen as providing a strong modulatory influence -facilitation -on incentive motivation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 78%

“…This system is activated by, and serves to bring an animal in contact with unconditioned and conditioned positive incentive stimuli (Beninger 1983; Depue, in press a;Gray 1973;Hebb 1949;Koob et al 1993;Panksepp 1986a;Schneirla 1959;Stewart et al 1984). As outlined by Gray (1973), incentive stimulus conditions also include signals of safety that may lead to termination of aversive stimuli (as in active avoidance of punishment) and signals of frustrative nonreward, where affective aggression may lead to removal of obstacles to reward.…”

Section: Behavioral System Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…State alterations in DA transmission also modify the salience and response-facilitatory effectiveness of incentive stimuli. Increased DA transmission markedly enhances responding to conditioned reinforcers (Beninger 1983;Blackburn et al 1989;Robbins 1975;Robbins et al 1983), an effect that is due selectively to a dose-dependent DA release in the NAS (Le Moal & Simon 1991). Conversely, acute administration of DA receptor antagonists reduces the facilitatory effectiveness of conditioned incentive stimuli at doses that do not decrease subsequent consummatory motor patterns (Blackburn et al 1989;Koob et al 1993;Le Moal & Simon 1991), suggesting that facilitation under such conditions is achieved by only strong incentive stimuli.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Steps to a neurochemistry of personality

Lawrence¹,

Koepp²,

Gunn³

et al. 1999

Behav Brain Sci

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Extraversion has two central characteristics: (1) interpersonal engagement, which consists of affiliation (enjoying and valuing close interpersonal bonds, being warm and affectionate) and agency (being socially dominant, enjoying leadership roles, being assertive, being exhibitionistic, and having a sense of potency in accomplishing goals) and (2) impulsivity, which emerges from the interaction of extraversion and a second, independent trait (constraint). Agency is a more general motivational disposition that includes dominance, ambition, mastery, efficacy, and achievement. Positive affect (a combination of positive feelings and motivation) is closely associated with extraversion. Extraversion is accordingly based on positive incentive motivation.Parallels between extraversion (particularly its agency component) and a mammalian behavioral approach system based on positive incentive motivation implicate a neuroanatomical network and modulatory neurotransmitters in the processing of incentive motivation. A corticolimbic-striatal-thalamic network (1) integrates the salient incentive context in the medial orbital cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus; (2) encodes the intensity of incentive stimuli in a motive circuit composed of the nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum, and ventral tegmental area dopamine projection system; and (3) creates an incentive motivational state that can be transmitted to the motor system.Individual differences in the functioning of this network arise from functional variation in the ventral tegmental area dopamine projections, which are directly involved in coding the intensity of incentive motivation. The animal evidence suggests that there are three neurodevelopmental sources of individual differences in dopamine: genetic, "experience-expectant," and "experience-dependent." Individual differences in dopamine promote variation in the heterosynaptic plasticity that enhances the connection between incentive context and incentive motivation and behavior.Our psychobiological threshold model explains the effects of individual differences in dopamine transmission on behavior, and their relation to personality traits is discussed.Keywords: behavioral sensitization; dopamine; extraversion; heterosynaptic plasticity; incentive motivation; neurobiology; personality the behavioral, emotional, and motivational characteristics of extraversion. Next, we identified a mammalian behavior pattern with corresponding characteristics, as described in the psychological and ethological literatures. Once an analogous motivation was identified, animal neurobiological research provided empirical links to its neural organization and neurochemical modulation. These hypotheses were then extended to humans and subjected to empirical tests. Extraversion: Central characteristics and underlying motivationExtraversion is a higher-order trait that is derived from a set of correlated lower-order traits. The lower-order traits are measures of behavioral and emotional characteristicssuch as social dominance, positive emo...

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The role of dopamine in locomotor activity and learning

Cited by 798 publications

References 162 publications

Dopamine gating of glutamatergic sensorimotor and incentive motivational input signals to the striatum

Dopamine gating of glutamatergic sensorimotor and incentive motivational input signals to the striatum

Differential Regulation of the Consummatory, Motivational and Anticipatory Aspects of Feeding Behavior by Dopaminergic and Opioidergic Drugs

Steps to a neurochemistry of personality

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