The Role of Dopamine in Value-Based Attentional Orienting

Anderson, Brian A.; Kuwabara, Hiroto; Wong, Dean F.; Gean, Emily; Rahmim, Arman; Brašić, James Robert; George, Noble; Фролов, Б. А.; Courtney, Susan; Yantis, Steven

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.062

Cited by 118 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…When extrinsic rewards are received, reward prediction-error-related signals serve as teaching signals to the attention system that potentiate the associated stimulus representation (Anderson, in press; Sali et al, 2014), thereby facilitating selection of the predictive stimulus through the biasing of competition in sensory areas (e.g., Anderson, Laurent, & Yantis, 2014; Anderson et al, 2016; Hickey & Peelen, 2015; see Anderson, 2016, for a review). The strength of such modulation to some degree (although not necessarily linearly; Anderson, 2016) scales with the value of the reward received.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the distinction between value-driven attention and selection history: Evidence from individuals with depressive symptoms

et al. 2017

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When predictive of extrinsic reward as targets, stimuli rapidly acquire the ability to automatically capture attention. Attentional biases for former targets of visual search can also develop without reward feedback, but typically require much longer training. These learned biases towards former targets are often conceptualized within a single framework, and might differ merely in degree. That is, both are the result of the reinforcement of selection history, with extrinsic reward for correct report of the target providing greater reinforcement than correct report alone. A direct test of this shared mechanisms hypothesis is lacking, however. Recent evidence demonstrates that depressed individuals present with blunted value-driven attentional biases. Based on the shared mechanisms hypothesis, we predicted that depressed individuals would similarly show blunted attentional biases for former targets following unrewarded training. To the contrary, however, we found that the effects of selection history on attention were robust and equivalent between individuals experiencing depressive symptoms and control participants, while attentional capture by previously reward-associated stimuli was blunted in depressed individuals. Our results suggest a qualitative distinction between the effects of reward history and the effects of selection history on attention, with depressive symptoms impairing the former while leaving the latter unaffected.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the distinction between value-driven attention and selection history: Evidence from individuals with depressive symptoms

et al. 2017

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“…If participants responded incorrectly or too slowly, the words “Incorrect” or “Too Slow” appeared in place of the monetary increment. One of the two target colors was followed by a high reward of $1.00 on 80% of the trials on which it was correctly reported, and by a low reward of 20¢ on the remaining 20% of correct trials (high-value color); for the other (low-value) color, these mappings were reversed (as in, e.g., Anderson et al, 2011, 2016b). For the unrewarded scan, the reward feedback display was omitted in the event of a correct response; otherwise, participants were provided “Incorrect” or “Too Slow” feedback.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These brain areas have been collectively referred to as the value-driven attention network (Anderson, 2017). A recent study utilizing positron emission tomography (PET) further revealed that value-driven attentional bias was strongly related to the release of dopamine (DA) within the dorsal striatum (Anderson et al, 2016b), suggesting a relationship between DA signals within the striatum and the control of visual attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking dopaminergic reward signals to the development of attentional bias: A positron emission tomographic study

et al. 2017

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The attention system is shaped by reward history, such that learned reward cues involuntarily draw attention. Recent research has begun to uncover the neural mechanisms by which learned reward cues compete for attention, implicating dopamine (DA) signaling within the dorsal striatum. How these elevated priority signals develop in the brain during the course of learning is less well understood, as is the relationship between value-based attention and the experience of reward during learning. We hypothesized that the magnitude of the striatal DA response to reward during learning contributes to the development of a learned attentional bias towards the cue that predicted it, and examined this hypothesis using positron emission tomography with [11C]raclopride. We measured changes in dopamine release for rewarded versus unrewarded visual search for color-defined targets as indicated by the density and distribution of the available D2/D3 receptors. We then tested for correlations of individual differences in this measure of reward-related DA release to individual differences in the degree to which previously reward-associated but currently task-irrelevant stimuli impair performance in an attention task (i.e., value-driven attentional bias), revealing a significant relationship in the right anterior caudate. The degree to which reward-related DA release was right hemisphere lateralized was also predictive of later attentional bias. Our findings provide support for the hypothesis that value-driven attentional bias can be predicted from reward-related DA release during learning.

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“…Following a training period in which participants are rewarded each time they locate a searched-for target stimulus, participants complete a test phase in which these previously reward-associated stimuli now appear as task-irrelevant distractors during visual search for a different target. Attention is biased to select such previously reward-associated distractors in this case (Anderson et al, 2011a, 2011b, 2014, 2016c; see Figure 1B). Similar attentional biases are either not observed or are substantially weaker following otherwise equivalent training in which rewards are not given (Anderson, 2016b; Anderson et al, 2011a, 2011b, 2012b, 2014; Failing and Theeuwes, 2014; Wang et al, 2013; Qi et al, 2013); thus, the reward learning imbued associated stimuli with heightened attentional priority.…”

Section: Parallels With Normal Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Identification of the role of dorsal striatal dopamine specifically was provided in a positron emission tomography (PET) study (Anderson et al, 2016c). In that study, the magnitude of attentional bias for color stimuli previously associated with monetary reward was correlated with dopamine release within the right caudate and posterior putamen.…”

Section: Parallels With Normal Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is abnormal about addiction-related attentional biases?

Anderson

2016

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background: The phenotype of addiction includes prominent attentional biases for drug cues, which play a role in motivating drug-seeking behavior and contribute to relapse. In a separate line of research, arbitrary stimuli have been shown to automatically capture attention when previously associated with reward in non-clinical samples. Methods and Results: Here, I argue that these two attentional biases reflect the same cognitive process. I outline five characteristics that exemplify attentional biases for drug cues: resistant to conflicting goals, robust to extinction, linked to dorsal striatal dopamine and to biases in approach behavior, and can distinguish between individuals with and without a history of drug dependence. I then go on to describe how attentional biases for arbitrary reward-associated stimuli share all of these features, and conclude by arguing that the attentional components of addiction reflect a normal cognitive process that promotes reward-seeking behavior.

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The Role of Dopamine in Value-Based Attentional Orienting

Cited by 118 publications

References 51 publications

On the distinction between value-driven attention and selection history: Evidence from individuals with depressive symptoms

On the distinction between value-driven attention and selection history: Evidence from individuals with depressive symptoms

Linking dopaminergic reward signals to the development of attentional bias: A positron emission tomographic study

What is abnormal about addiction-related attentional biases?

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The Role of Dopamine in Value-Based Attentional Orienting

Cited by 118 publications

References 51 publications

On t﻿he distinction between value-driven attention and selection history: Evidence from individuals with depressive symptoms

On t﻿he distinction between value-driven attention and selection history: Evidence from individuals with depressive symptoms

Linking dopaminergic reward signals to the development of attentional bias: A positron emission tomographic study

What is abnormal about addiction-related attentional biases?

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On the distinction between value-driven attention and selection history: Evidence from individuals with depressive symptoms

On the distinction between value-driven attention and selection history: Evidence from individuals with depressive symptoms