The role of different components of attention in children vulnerable to schizophrenia

Nuechterlein, Keith H.; Phipps-Yonas, Susan; Driscoll, Regina M.; Garmezy, Norman

doi:10.1037/e376162004-004

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Likewise, inhibitory mechanisms are essential to maintaining balance and controlling motor overflow. Such minor deficits in attention and inhibition suggest a strong resemblance between this subgroup of offspring of schizophrenics and children with attentional deficit disorder (Bellak 1979; Hans 1980; Nuechterlein et al 1981; Marcus, Ovsiew, and Hans 1982). While many of the offspring of schizophrenics had other neurological signs such as dyskinesias, abnormal reflexes, and facial asymmetries, it was the above group of motor and sensory signs that best defined the poorly functioning subgroup and probably represents the genetically determined dysfunctioning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All major studies of the school-age offspring of schizophrenics have found poor motor coordination (Fish and Hagin 1973; Erlenmeyer-Kimling 1975; Orvaschel et al 1975; Hanson, Gottesman, and Heston 1976; Rieder and Nichols 1979; Marcuse and Cornblatt, in press). Several of these studies have also reported perceptual dysfunction (Fish and Hagin 1973; Erlenmeyer-Kimling 1975) and poor attention (Nuechterlein et al 1981; Erlenmeyer-Kimling et al 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Neurological Findings in High-Risk Children: Childhood Assessment and 5-Year Followup

Marcus¹,

Hans²,

Lewow³

et al. 1985

Schizophrenia Bulletin

110

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The results of the two neurological examinations of the Israeli children, both original and followup, are presented. The multidimensional scalogram analysis technique was used to identify children with multiple areas of neurological dysfunction. These children consisted almost exclusively of the offspring of schizophrenic patients: 22 of the 50 index cases were in this region of poor functioning during at least one of the testing periods, as compared with only 3 of the 50 control cases. The most common neurological signs were "soft" perceptual-sensory signs, poor motor coordination, poor right-left orientation, poor balance, and motor overflow. No "hard" neurological differences were found between the groups. This is the first major report of long-term stability of neurological soft signs in the offspring of schizophrenic persons.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological Findings in High-Risk Children: Childhood Assessment and 5-Year Followup

Marcus¹,

Hans²,

Lewow³

et al. 1985

Schizophrenia Bulletin

110

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“…Several studies have now shown that a subgroup of offspring of schizophrenics have childhood signs of nonfocal neurobehavioral dysfunctioning (Fish and Hagin 1973; Marcus 1974; Erlenmeyer-Kimling 1975; Ragins et al 1975; Hanson et al 1976; Orvaschel et al 1979; Rieder and Nichols 1979; Marcus et al 1981, 1985 a , 1985 b ; Erlenmeyer-Kimling et al 1982; Marcuse and Cornblatt, in press), including attentional problems (Rutschmann et al 1977; Asarnow et al 1978; Erlenmeyer-Kimling and Cornblatt 1978; Nuechterlein et al 1981; Erlenmeyer-Kimling et al 1982; Cornblatt and Erlenmeyer-Kimling 1984; Weintraub and Neale 1984). Some investigators have also noted the similarity between the type of functioning seen in this subgroup and the pattern seen in children with attentional deficit disorder (ADD) (Bellak 1979).…”

Section: Nimh Kibbutz-city High-risk Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the NIMH Israeli Kibbutz-city Study and the Jerusalem Infant Development Study

Marcus

Hans

Nagler

et al. 1987

Schizophrenia Bulletin

122

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The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Israeli Kibbutz-City Study has followed the development of offspring of schizophrenic parents from middle childhood through early adulthood. During childhood, a subgroup of offspring of schizophrenic patients showed clear neurobehavioral deficits often accompanied by poor social competence. Early followup data suggest that this subgroup of high-risk children is at greatest risk for adult schizophrenia spectrum illness. The Jerusalem Infant Development Study has followed a similar population of children at risk for schizophrenia from before birth through middle childhood. A subgroup of dysfunctioning in the high-risk children showed sensorimotor dysfunctioning in the first year of life, which was followed by perceptual, motor, and attentional dysfunctioning in childhood--identical to that found in the NIMH cohort. Results from both studies support the hypothesis that schizophrenic illness involves constitutional factors whose expression can be observed as early as infancy. Results also illustrate the importance of using data-analytic approaches that (1) look for subgroups within high-risk groups rather than only group differences between high- and low-risk groups, and (2) examine profiles of behavior rather than only single variables.

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“…An attentional task frequently used in recent research is the continuous performance test (CPT), which is presumed to measure sustained attention or vigilance. Numerous studies have found that schizophrenics (Kornetsky, 1972;Mirsky & Kornetsky, 1964;Orzack & Kornetsky, 1966Stammeyer, 1961), remitted schizophrenics (Asarnow & MacCrimmon, 1978;Wohlberg & Kornetsky, 1973), and subjects at risk for schizophrenia and affective psychosis (offspring of disturbed parents) (Erlenmeyer-Kimling, 1975;Garmezy, 1978;Grunebaum, Weiss, Gallant, & Cohler, 1974;Nuechterlein, Phipps-Yonas, Driscoll, & Garmezy, 1980) manifest performance deficits on this test. Based on these findings it would seem that the CPT holds promise as a measure of psychotic processes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Motor proficiency and attentional-task performance by psychotic patients.

Walker¹,

Green²

1982

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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Numerous studies have found that schizophrenics and subjects at risk for psychosis show significant deficits on the continuous performance test ,(CPT), a presumed measure of sustained attention. However, correlational studies have found no relation between the CPT and other attentional tasks. Considering the task demands of the CPT, it seems that motoric factors may play an important role in performance on this test. The present study investigated the relation between motor proficiency and performance on the CPT among hospitalized psychotic patients, A correlational analysis revealed that motor subtest scores were significantly related to CPT performance indexes for schizophrenics and patients with affective psychoses; decreased motor proficiency was related to more CPT errors and longer reaction time. The results are discussed with reference to their implications for research and their relevance to theories of attentional processes in psychopathology.

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The role of different components of attention in children vulnerable to schizophrenia

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Neurological Findings in High-Risk Children: Childhood Assessment and 5-Year Followup

Neurological Findings in High-Risk Children: Childhood Assessment and 5-Year Followup

Review of the NIMH Israeli Kibbutz-city Study and the Jerusalem Infant Development Study

Motor proficiency and attentional-task performance by psychotic patients.

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