The Role of Different Alkali Metals in the A15Tl27 Type Structure and the Synthesis and X-ray Structure Analysis of a New Substitutional Variant Cs14.53Tl28.4

Abstract

Alkali metal thallides have been known since the report of E. Zintl on NaTl in 1932. Subsequently, binary and ternary thallides of alkali metals have been characterized. At an alkali metal proportion of approximately 33% (A:Tl~1:2, A = alkali metal), three different unique type structures are reported: K49Tl108, Rb17Tl41 and A15Tl27 (A = Rb, Cs). Whereas Rb17Tl41 and K49Tl108 feature a three-dimensional sublattice of Tl atoms, the A15Tl27 structure type includes isolated Tl11 clusters as well as two-dimensional Tl-layers. This unique arrangement is only known so far when the heavier alkali metals Rb and Cs are included. In our contribution, we present single-crystal X-ray structure analyses of new ternary and quaternary compounds of the A15Tl27 type structure, which include different amounts of potassium. The crystal structures allow for the discussion of the favored alkali metal for each of the four Wyckoff positions and clearly demonstrate alkali metal dependent site preferences. Thereby, the compound Cs2.27K12.73Tl27 unambiguously proves the possibility of a potassium-rich A15Tl27 phase, even though a small amount of cesium appears to be needed for the stabilization of the latter structure type. Furthermore, we also present two compounds that show an embedding of Tl instead of alkali metal into the two-dimensional substructure, being equivalent to the formal oxidation of the latter. Cs14.53Tl28.4 represents the binary compound with the so far largest proportion of incorporated Tl in the structure type A15Tl27.

Single Crystal X‐Ray Structure Analyses of Binary and Ternary Compounds A49Tl108+x (A=K, Rb, Cs; x=0–1.76) Related to the K49Tl108 Type Structure

“…[18] During our research on the mixed A 15 Tl 27 phases, we observed the first ternary compounds in the K 49 Tl 108 type structure as a byproduct. [10] With an alkali metal proportion of approximately 33 % (A : Tl�1 : 2) its valence electron concentration is very similar to the one from A 15 Tl 27 (VEC�2.33) and therefore both phases are observed in the powder diffraction pattern (see SI).…”

“…[9] The focus of our investigations is set on the different alkali metals, as they do not only serve as counterions for charge balancing reasons but play an essential role in the formation and stabilization of the thallium substructure. [2,10] One discrepancy becomes evident for the ratio of A : Tl 1 : 2. These materials are known to be metallic and a complete electron transfer from the electropositive to the electronegative element is virtually not true.…”

“…Additionally, it was shown, that potassium can be realized in mixed alkali metal compounds A 15 Tl 27 when a larger alkali metal is present. In contrast, the lighter alkali metal potassium forms an intermetallic phase K 49 Tl 108 with a three‐dimensional thallium substructure, which cannot be explained straightforwardly by the counting rules [10,12] . This makes the discrepancy between K 49 Tl 108 and A 15 Tl 27 very interesting, as it represents a borderline case between metallic and salt‐like compounds.…”

“…The mixing of trielides provides interesting insights in terms of structural chemistry [9] . The focus of our investigations is set on the different alkali metals, as they do not only serve as counterions for charge balancing reasons but play an essential role in the formation and stabilization of the thallium substructure [2,10] . One discrepancy becomes evident for the ratio of A : Tl 1 : 2.…”

“…In contrast, the lighter alkali metal potassium forms an intermetallic phase K 49 Tl 108 with a three-dimensional thallium substructure, which cannot be explained straightforwardly by the counting rules. [10,12] This makes the discrepancy between K 49 Tl 108 and A 15 Tl 27 very interesting, as it represents a borderline case between metallic and salt-like compounds. In packingdominated intermetallic compounds, Frank Kasper polyhedra represent important building blocks.…”