The role of diet in the development and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease: why we feel the burn

Abstract

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common esophageal disorder that is characterized by troublesome symptoms associated with increased esophageal acid exposure. Cornerstones of therapy include acid suppressive agents like proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and lifestyle modifications including dietary therapy, although the latter is not well defined. As concerns regarding long term PPI use continue to be explored, patients and providers are becoming increasingly interested in the role of diet in disease management. The following is a review of dietary therapy for GERD with an emphasis on the effect food components have on pathophysiology and management. Although sequential dietary elimination of food groups is common, literature supports broader manipulation including reduction of overall sugar intake, increase in dietary fiber, and changes in overall eating practices.

The Multifaceted Roles of Diet, Microbes, and Metabolites in Cancer

“…A number of risk factors have been associated with esophageal cancers, especially the more prevalent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, including smoking, alcohol consumption, consumption of high temperature beverages, genetics, and diet [119]. Specifically, diet appears to have both direct and indirect effects on the esophagus through cytokine signalling pathways and obesity [138][139][140].…”

Rethinking gastroesophageal reflux disorder

“…[20][21][22][23][24] Dietary factors also contribute to GERD, including the size of meal and fat, protein and carbohydrate content leading to gastric distension, delayed emptying, and increased gastric content acidity, as well as the timing of meals. 25 Obesity has a significant role in the pathophysiology of GERD. Research from the Nurses' Health Study found a dose-dependent relationship between body mass index (BMI) and GERD.…”

“…Caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, and many medications (e.g., benzodiazepines, calcium channel blockers, nitrates, B2 agonists, and xanthines) all contribute to GERD through relaxation of the LES 20–24 . Dietary factors also contribute to GERD, including the size of meal and fat, protein and carbohydrate content leading to gastric distension, delayed emptying, and increased gastric content acidity, as well as the timing of meals 25 …”

A retrospective study on the evaluation of the symptoms, medications and improvement of the quality of life of patients undergoing robotic surgery for gastroesophageal reflux disease

“…There are some lifestyle changes that can reduce the intensity of symptoms, including smoking cessation, reduction of alcohol consumption, weight loss and particularly A retrospective study on the evaluation of the symptoms, medications and improvement of the quality of life of patients undergoing robotic surgery for gastroesophageal reflux disease SOFIA K. KONSTANTINIDOU 1 , PENELOPE KOSTARAS 2 , GEORGIOS-ELEFTHERIOS ANAGNOSTOPOULOS 2 , SOPHIA-LIBERTY MARKANTONIS 2 , VANGELIS KARALIS 2 and KONSTANTINOS KONSTANTINIDIS 3 the reduction of abdominal obesity, avoidance of fatty foods and coffee consumption, and avoidance of eating late-night meals (5,(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). Posture during night sleep also appears to have a significant role in the improvement of symptoms; a bed head higher than 15-20 cm appears the least effective (1).…”