The Role of Dextran Coatings on the Cytotoxicity Properties of Ceria Nanoparticles Toward Bone Cancer Cells

Abstract

Cerium oxide nanoparticles have demonstrated great potential as antioxidant and radioprotective agents for nanomedicine applications especially for cancer therapy. The surface chemistry of nanoparticles is an important property that has a significant effect on their performance in biological applications including cancer diagnosis, cancer treatment, and bacterial infection. Recently, various nanosized cerium oxide particles with different types of polymer coatings have been developed to improve aqueous solubility and allow for surface functionalization for distinct applications. In this study, the role of ceria nanoparticles coated with dextran on the cytotoxicity properties of bone cancer cells was shown. Specifically, 0.1 M and 0.01 M dextran-coated,<5-nm ceria nanoparticles, were synthesized. The cytotoxicity of 0.1 M and 0.01 M dextran-coated ceria nanoparticles was evaluated against osteosarcoma cells. A change in cell viability was observed when treating osteosarcoma cells with 0.1 M dextran-coated ceria nanoparticles in the 250-1000 lg/mL concentration range. In contrast, minimal toxicity to bone cancer cells was observed for the 0.01 M dextran coating after 3 days compared with the 0.1 M dextran coating. These results indicated that surface dextran functionalization had a positive impact on the cytotoxicity of cerium oxide nanoparticles against osteosarcoma cells.

Hot Topics and Challenges of Regenerative Nanoceria in Application of Antioxidant Therapy

“…From this result, it has been found that nanoceria had the ability of free-radical scavenging, which created a precedent of nanoceria in biological applications and greatly inspired the people of research interest. Until now, there have been many studies on the toxicity properties of nanoceria coated with polymers (dextran, PEG, chitosan, heparin, PAA, and PVP) within the range of 3-20 nm as demonstrated in Figure 4 against cancer cells (lung, breast, ovary, osteosarcoma, and pancreas) and healthy cells (dermal fibroblasts, endothelial cell, keratinocytes, human monocytes, and macrophages) [25][26][27][28][29]. All these researches have laid a foundation for study of antioxidant property.…”

pH-Controlled Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Inhibition of Both Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria Growth

“…However, earlier studies from our group showed that the amount of dextran has an impact on the shape, stability, and cytotoxicity of the particles. Particles with a 0.1 M dextran coating were spherical in shape with longer stability and had higher toxicity against bone cancer cells in comparison to a 0.01 M dextran coating33. Further investigation on their effect on healthy bone cells revealed that they had minimal toxicity against osteoblasts5.…”

Improving stability of cerium oxide nanoparticles by microbial polysaccharides coating

“…8,9 However, CONPs show great tendency for agglomeration due to the high number of oxygen vacancies on their surface, leading to low stability of their water suspensions, which is the main restriction for their application. 10 This problem could be reduced by coating the CONPs with polymers, thereby improving their suspension stability.…”

“…In general, for coating CONPs, polymers such as dextran, 4,6,[10][11][12][13][14][15] heparin, 1,16 chitosan, 5,17 poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), 18,19 and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) 20 are commonly used, as well as glucose, 21 citric acid and citrates, [22][23][24] and even drugs. 25 In selecting a polymer, attention should be paid to the type and amount of polymer coated over the nanoparticles, which would affect suspension stability.…”