The Role of Dendritic Cells in TB and HIV Infection

Abrahem, Rachel; Chiang, Emerald; Haquang, Joseph; Nham, Amy; Ting, Yu-Sam; Venketaraman, Vishwanath

doi:10.3390/jcm9082661

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…During Mtb infection, DCs bind and internalise the bacilli through the receptor DC-SIGN, (Dendritic Cell-Specific Intercellular adhesion molecule-3-Grabbing Non-integrin) also known as CD209 (Cluster of Differentiation 209) [26]. This is a C-type lectin receptor present on the surface of the DCs [31]. Once the MHC has bound the protein antigens, it is recognised by CD8 and CD4 T cells and activate an adaptive immune response.…”

Section: Innate Immunity Against Mtbmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Structural View at Vaccine Development against M. tuberculosis

Romanó

Squeglia

Kramarska

et al. 2023

Cells

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Tuberculosis (TB) is still the leading global cause of death from an infectious bacterial agent. Limiting tuberculosis epidemic spread is therefore an urgent global public health priority. As stated by the WHO, to stop the spread of the disease we need a new vaccine, with better coverage than the current Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine. This vaccine was first used in 1921 and, since then, there are still no new licensed tuberculosis vaccines. However, there is extremely active research in the field, with a steep acceleration in the past decades, due to the advance of technologies and more rational vaccine design strategies. This review aims to gather latest updates in vaccine development in the various clinical phases and to underline the contribution of Structural Vaccinology (SV) to the development of safer and effective antigens. In particular, SV and the development of vaccine adjuvants is making the use of subunit vaccines, which are the safest albeit the less antigenic ones, an achievable goal. Indeed, subunit vaccines overcome safety concerns but need to be rationally re-engineered to enhance their immunostimulating effects. The larger availability of antigen structural information as well as a better understanding of the complex host immune response to TB infection is a strong premise for a further acceleration of TB vaccine development.

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Section: Innate Immunity Against Mtbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dendritic cells also have a great capacity for cytokine production and stimulate T-cell differentiation. For example, secreting IL-12 and IL-6, DCs differentiate the CD4 T cell into a T helper (Th) 1 cell and Th 2, respectively [31].…”

Section: Innate Immunity Against Mtbmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Structural View at Vaccine Development against M. tuberculosis

Romanó

Squeglia

Kramarska

et al. 2023

Cells

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“…In the absence of tryptophan, IDO is still able to initiate tolerogenesis via DC due to downstream enzymes of the kynurenine pathway. 35 …”

Section: Metabolomic Immune Systems and Tuberculosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Kynurenine/Tryptophan Ratio as a Promising Metabolomic Biomarker for Diagnosing the Spectrum of Tuberculosis Infection and Disease

Fadhilah,

Indrati,

Dewi

et al. 2023

IJGM

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The metabolic system and immunology used to be seen as distinct fields of study. Recent developments in our understanding of how the immune system operates in health and disease have connected these fields to complex systems. An effective technique for identifying probable abnormalities of metabolic homeostasis brought on by disease is metabolomics, which is defined as the thorough study of small molecule metabolic intermediates within a biological system that collectively make up the metabolome. A prognostic metabolic biomarker with adequate prognostic accuracy for tuberculosis progression has recently been created. The rate-limiting host enzyme for the conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), is greatly elevated in the lungs of tuberculosis disease patients. Targeted study on tryptophan in tuberculosis disease indicates that such decreases may also resembled this upregulation. Although tuberculosis diagnosis has improved with the use of interferon release assay and tuberculosis nucleic acid amplification, tuberculosis control is made difficult by the lack of a biomarker to diagnose active tuberculosis disease. We hope that the reader of this work can develop an understanding of the advantages of metabolomics testing, particularly as a sort of testing that can be used for both diagnosing and monitoring a patient’s response to treatment for tuberculosis.

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“…Granulomas reportedly recruit inflammatory dendritic cells which apart from processing antigens contribute to the cytokine milieu by producing IL-12, TNFα, IL1β, IL1α, IL-6 and IL-10. These cytokines mediate inflammation, T-cell priming, Th17 activation and direct bacterial containment ( 152 , 155 , 161 ).…”

Section: Major Immune Cells In Innate Host Defense Against Tbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early innate cell interactions with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in protection and pathology of tuberculosis

Sankar,

Mishra

2023

Front. Immunol.

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Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, claiming the lives of up to 1.5 million individuals annually. TB is caused by the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which primarily infects innate immune cells in the lungs. These immune cells play a critical role in the host defense against Mtb infection, influencing the inflammatory environment in the lungs, and facilitating the development of adaptive immunity. However, Mtb exploits and manipulates innate immune cells, using them as favorable niche for replication. Unfortunately, our understanding of the early interactions between Mtb and innate effector cells remains limited. This review underscores the interactions between Mtb and various innate immune cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, granulocytes, NK cells, innate lymphocytes-iNKT and ILCs. In addition, the contribution of alveolar epithelial cell and endothelial cells that constitutes the mucosal barrier in TB immunity will be discussed. Gaining insights into the early cellular basis of immune reactions to Mtb infection is crucial for our understanding of Mtb resistance and disease tolerance mechanisms. We argue that a better understanding of the early host-pathogen interactions could inform on future vaccination approaches and devise intervention strategies.

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The Role of Dendritic Cells in TB and HIV Infection

Cited by 11 publications

References 113 publications

A Structural View at Vaccine Development against M. tuberculosis

A Structural View at Vaccine Development against M. tuberculosis

The Kynurenine/Tryptophan Ratio as a Promising Metabolomic Biomarker for Diagnosing the Spectrum of Tuberculosis Infection and Disease

Early innate cell interactions with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in protection and pathology of tuberculosis

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