The Role of Debris Cover in Catchment Runoff: A Case Study of the Hailuogou Catchment, South-Eastern Tibetan Plateau

Zhang, Yong; Liu, Shiyin; Liu, Qiao; Wang, Xin; Jiang, Zongli; Jian, Wei

doi:10.3390/w11122601

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…This spread in κ , as well as the vertical inhomogeneity, are important because they imply that debris thickness estimates made using remote-sensing data using the average value of κ may be more uncertain than they have been reported to be (Mihalcea and others, 2008; Foster and others, 2012; Schauwecker and others, 2015). The same may be true of the predictions of sub-debris ablation or meltwater runoff that have been made using energy-balance models (Nicholson and Benn, 2006; Reid and Brock, 2010; Lejeune and others, 2013) or glacio-hydrological models (Fujita and Sakai, 2014; Hagg and others, 2018; Zhang and others, 2019), where a spatially uniform thermal diffusivity has been assumed. The results presented here may help improve the estimates of the prediction uncertainties in future studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the physical theory is understood, the actual variability of the debris layer properties is not currently well characterised, and the effects on ablation are poorly constrained (Nicholson and others, 2018). This results in considerable uncertainty in many glaciological applications, such as satellite-based debris-thickness estimation (e.g., Mihalcea and others, 2008; Foster and others, 2012; Schauwecker and others, 2015) and glacio-hydrological modelling (e.g., Fujita and Sakai, 2014; Hagg and others, 2018; Zhang and others, 2019; Steiner and others, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of ice ablation on a debris-covered glacier from vertical debris-temperature profiles

et al. 2022

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A supraglacial debris layer controls energy transfer to the ice surface and moderates ice ablation on debris-covered glaciers. Measurements of vertical temperature profiles within the debris enables the estimation of thermal diffusivities and sub-debris ablation rates. We have measured the debris-layer temperature profiles at 16 locations on Satopanth Glacier (central Himalaya) during the ablation seasons of 2016 and 2017. Debris temperature profile data are typically analysed using a finite-difference method, assuming that the debris layer is a homogeneous one-dimensional thermal conductor. We introduce three more methods for analysing such data that approximate the debris layer as either a single or a two-layered conductor. We analyse the performance of all four methods using synthetic experiments and by comparing the estimated ablation rates with in situ glaciological observations. Our analysis shows that the temperature measurements obtained at equispaced sensors and analysed with a two-layered model improve the accuracy of the estimated thermal diffusivity and sub-debris ablation rate. The accuracy of the ablation rate estimates is comparable to that of the in situ observations. We argue that measuring the temperature profile is a convenient and reliable method to estimate seasonal to sub-seasonal variations of ablation rates in the thickly debris-covered parts of glaciers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of ice ablation on a debris-covered glacier from vertical debris-temperature profiles

et al. 2022

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“…With continuous climate warming, ground-surveyed and satellite-based observations confirm that maritime glaciers have experienced the most dramatic mass loss among glacierized regions in the TP over the past decades, and this trend has accelerated in recent decades [2,[12][13][14][15][16]. Such accelerated mass loss of these maritime glaciers markedly affects the seasonal and interannual variation in river runoff [17][18][19] and increases the risk of glacier-related hazards in the southeastern TP [20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Multidecadal Changes in the Flow Velocity and Mass Balance of the Hailuogou Glacier in Mount Gongga, Southeastern Tibetan Plateau

Gu,

Zhang,

Lyu

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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Maritime glaciers in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) have experienced important changes in mass and dynamics over the past decades, challenging the regional water supply and glacier-related hazards. However, knowledge about long-term variations in the surface velocity and mass balance of maritime glaciers remains incomplete due to the lack of representative observations in the southeastern TP. In this study, offset tracking is employed to measure spatiotemporal variation in the surface velocity of the Hailuogou Glacier (HLG) in Mount Gongga of the southeastern TP using Sentinel-1A imagery, while the time series of the HLG mass balance is reconstructed since 1950 by a physically based energy–mass balance model. Our satellite-based results find that HLG surface velocity shows significant spatial heterogeneity with a double-peak pattern along the flow line, and sustained slowdown below the icefall zone has been observed during the past nearly 40 years, although the icefall zone and the area above it have become relatively active. Our modeling indicates a persistent increase in mass loss over the last seven decades with an average rate of −0.58 m water equivalent (w.e.) year−1, which has accelerated in the past two decades. Sustained slowdown on the glacier is concomitant with pronounced negative mass balance, thereby enhancing glacier wastage in recent decades. The long-term trend in HLG mass loss is mainly driven by an increase in positive air temperature that decreases surface albedo and solid precipitation ratio and increases longwave incoming radiation, besides the influence of supraglacial debris cover. Large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns in the Eurasian region provide important implications for regional-to-local climate variability, unsustainably intensifying the trend of the negative mass balance of the HLG in the southeastern TP in the past two decades.

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“…Due to its simple structure and strong adaptability, pressure atomizing nozzle has become the most widely used nozzle [18][19][20][21][22][23]. The principle is that the liquid is transported to the nozzle port by liquid pressure or gas pressure, mixed in the liquid cap of the pressure-atomizing nozzle, and then sprayed through the nozzle hole of the pressure-atomizing nozzle [24,25]. Among them, the circular-hole rotating core micro-fog nozzle is widely used in fog gun vehicles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mathematical Model for Predicting the Droplet Size of Micro-Fog Nozzle with Circular-Hole Rotating Core Based on Orthogonal Design

et al. 2023

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The circular-hole rotating core fog nozzle has excellent atomization performance and has been widely used in the realm of spray dust. As part of this study, a mathematical model was developed for predicting the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) of nozzles of this type. The coaction between the SMD of the nozzle and the three influencing factors of axial distance, water supply pressure, and outlet diameter was investigated based on the customized spray’s experimental platform and orthogonal design method. According to the comparative analysis of the size range, the axial distance, outlet diameter and water supply pressure are three parameters that affect the SMD of the nozzle, and the degree of influence is axial distance > outlet diameter > water supply pressure. On this basis, a mathematical model was developed using the multiple regression method to predict the SMD of the nozzle. We analyzed the results and compared them to the SMD value predicted by the multiple regression mathematical model and the orthogonal experiment results. The change trend was the same, the values were essentially the same, and the average relative error was just 16.11%. Accordingly, the mathematical model presented in this paper may be used for the prediction and calculation of the droplet size for circular-hole rotating core micro-fog nozzles.

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The Role of Debris Cover in Catchment Runoff: A Case Study of the Hailuogou Catchment, South-Eastern Tibetan Plateau

Cited by 14 publications

References 62 publications

Estimation of ice ablation on a debris-covered glacier from vertical debris-temperature profiles

Estimation of ice ablation on a debris-covered glacier from vertical debris-temperature profiles

Multidecadal Changes in the Flow Velocity and Mass Balance of the Hailuogou Glacier in Mount Gongga, Southeastern Tibetan Plateau

A Mathematical Model for Predicting the Droplet Size of Micro-Fog Nozzle with Circular-Hole Rotating Core Based on Orthogonal Design

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