The role of cytoskeleton in cell changes under condition of simulated microgravity

Буравкова, Л. Б.; Romanov, Yu. A.

doi:10.1016/s0094-5765(01)00023-6

Cited by 52 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…As described for other cell types (Buravkova and Romanov 2001), our results on the motility of J-111 cells clearly revealed that modelled low gravity affects their capacity for locomotion. Buravkova and Romanov (2001) also observed changes in the actin, especially a disorganisation and reduction of stress fibres, i.e., disturbances similar to those observed by us.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The F-actin network showed a remarkable decrease in the filamentous biopolymer density, and the actin stress fibres appeared localised like continuous subplasmatic bundles. Similar changes in the actin network -especially a disorganisation and reduction of the stress fibres -were also observed in the human vascular endothelial cells, in osteoblasts, and HUVEC cells (Buravkova and Romanov 2001, Hughes-Fulford and Lewis 1996, Carlsson et al 2003. The changes observed in the microtubule network of J-111 cells were also similar to those observed by Lewis et al (1998) in Jurkat cells.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…In fact, different cell types cultured under low-gravity conditions showed cytoskeletal reorganisation. Significant changes were found in the structures of vimentin (CogoliGreuter et al 1998) and tubulin (Lewis et al 1998) in Jurkat cells and in the structure of actin in human vascular endothelium cells (Buravkova and Romanov 2001), in osteoblasts (Hughes-Fulford and Lewis 1996) and endothelial cells (HUVEC) (Carlsson et al 2003). The alterations in the structure of vimentin in Jurkat cells were observed already after an exposure for 30 s to real low gravity and consisted in the formation of thick bundles compared to the fine network in the 1 g control (Cogoli-Greuter et al 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytoskeleton changes and impaired motility of monocytes at modelled low gravity

et al. 2006

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Summary. Investigations performed in space have shown that gravity changes affect important cellular mechanisms like proliferation, differentiation, genetic expression, cytoskeletal architecture, and motility in lymphocytes, monocytes, and other mammalian cells. In particular, a dramatic depression of the mitogenic in vitro activation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes was observed at low gravity. The hypothesis of the present work is that a reduced interaction between T lymphocytes and monocytes, essential for the second signalling pathway, might be one of the reasons for the observed depression of the in vitro activation of human lymphocytes. Cell motility and with it a continuous rearrangement of the cytoskeletal network within the cell is essential for cell-tocell contacts. Whereas nonactivated lymphocytes in suspension are highly motile at low gravity, no data are available so far on the motility of adherent monocytes. It thus can be argued that impaired monocyte locomotion and cytoskeletal changes could be responsible for a reduced interaction of monocytes with T lymphocytes. In this study, the locomotion ability of J-111 cells, an adherent monocyte cell line, attached to colloidal gold particles on coverslips and exposed to modelled low gravity in the random positioning machine was found to be severely reduced compared with that of controls and the structures of actin, tubulin, and vinculin were affected.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytoskeleton changes and impaired motility of monocytes at modelled low gravity

et al. 2006

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“…Most of the literature data describe a reduction in endothelial cell replication [8], although opposite effects have also been reported [9]. In this study, hypogravity reduced the basal proliferation rate of porcine aortic endothelial cells.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

“…Endothelial cells seem very sensitive to the absence or reduction of gravity. Literature data describe a reduction in cell replication [8], even if some reports show opposite results [9]. Whether hypogravity may affect cell functions (i.e., gene expression) and apoptosis signals in endothelium remains to be elucidated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Simulated hypogravity impairs the angiogenic response of endothelium by up-regulating apoptotic signals

Morbidelli

Monici²,

Marziliano

et al. 2005

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

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Health hazards in astronauts are represented by cardiovascular problems and impaired bone healing. These disturbances are characterized by a common event, the loss of function by vascular endothelium, leading to impaired angiogenesis. We investigated whether the exposure of cultured endothelial cells to hypogravity condition could affect their behaviour in terms of functional activity, biochemical responses, morphology, and gene expression. Simulated hypogravity conditions for 72 h produced a reduction of cell number. Genomic analysis of endothelial cells exposed to hypogravity revealed that proapoptotic signals increased, while antiapoptotic and proliferation/survival genes were down-regulated by modelled low gravity. Activation of apoptosis was accompanied by morphological changes with mitochondrial disassembly and organelles/cytoplasmic NAD(P)H redistribution, as evidenced by autofluorescence analysis. In this condition cells were not able to respond to angiogenic stimuli in terms of migration and proliferation. Our study documents functional, morphological, and transcription alterations in vascular endothelium exposed to simulated low gravity conditions, thus providing insights on the occurrence of vascular tissue dysregulation in crewmen during prolonged space flights. Moreover, the alteration of vascular endothelium can intervene as a concause in other systemic effects, like bone remodelling, observed in weightlessness. Ó 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Keywords: Endothelial cell; Hypogravity; Gene expression; Autofluorescence; Apoptosis; Angiogenesis; Migration; Proliferation Angiogenesis, a process which leads to formation of new vessels, has a relevant physiological role during development and in the adult life [1,2]. Endothelial cells are the true player of the angiogenesis process. Several cardiovascular pathologies are caused by endothelial dysfunction (myocardial ischemia, atherosclerosis), thus growth factors and strategies able to restore the integrity of the endothelium and to promote angiogenesis can be viewed as innovative therapeutic approaches [3,4].Indications that mechanical stimulation of cells, and endothelium in particular, is able to change some of their functions at biochemical and molecular level are reported in the literature [5]. In spite of the evidence that cells are sensitive to mechanical stimuli, the molecular mechanisms by which individual cells recognize and respond to external forces are not well understood. Our interest on hypogravity originates from the recognition that several disturbances associated to endothelium-0006-291X/$ -see front matter Ó

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Biology of Adherent Cells in Microgravity

Lambert

Lapière

Nusgens

2007

Biology in Space and Life on Earth

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re , and Betty V. Nusgens Why Cell Biology Research in Microgravity?It is obvious that a journey in an orbiting spacecraft induces in most astronauts (cosmonauts) a signifi cant reduction of bone mass. This is accompanied by a large redistribution of the body fl uids and oedema of the upper part of the body and various disorders of the vascular system by alteration of the balance of the body fl uids. Altered renal function and bone resorption were suggested to be responsible for an increased propensity in forming kidney stones. The immune resistance has been considered as another side effect that is potentially responsible for various diseases, infectious and other, that could affect the crew of spacecrafts.Uni -and multicellular organisms are sensitive to environmental factors, chemical and physical, that modulate their vital functions. In space fl ights, the absence of the gravity stimulus under which all organisms have developed on Earth has been claimed to alter the precise equilibrium of physiological processes that is called health. Besides the lack of gravity, several additional disturbing elements need also to be considered, among which is increased cosmic radiations as a cause of cell damage by the induction of reactive oxygen species and mutations. Psychological stress, mainly in humans, is potentially responsible for endocrine disturbances that could also modify the operational activity of the cells. In all organisms, an exchange of information between cells modulates their functions. In multicellular organisms this situation is more complex since the different types of cells and their interactions, homo -and heterotypic, are in operation. This situation can be simplifi ed by dissociating the pluricellular organs and organisms: we can consider experimentally the participation of a single cell type and each extracellular message in the complex network of intracellular signalling that precisely controls the multiple pathways required for life. This analytical approach is most suitable for pinpointing the pieces of the puzzle that could be considered as a molecular target for pharmacological intervention. Both the pathology induced by Space exploration and its counterpart on Earth will equally benefi t from these investigations.The present chapter provides an overview of some specifi c facets of cell biological research in microgravity, their complexity and the need to continuously adapt 123 Biology in Space and Life on Earth. Effects of Spacefl ight on Biological Systems. Edited by Enno Brinckmann

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The role of cytoskeleton in cell changes under condition of simulated microgravity

Cited by 52 publications

References 7 publications

Cytoskeleton changes and impaired motility of monocytes at modelled low gravity

Cytoskeleton changes and impaired motility of monocytes at modelled low gravity

Simulated hypogravity impairs the angiogenic response of endothelium by up-regulating apoptotic signals

Biology of Adherent Cells in Microgravity

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