The Role of Cytokinins and Gibberellins in Controlling Inflorescence Development in Tomato

Kinet, Jean‐Marie; Leonard, M.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.1983.134.17

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Further, BA is known to stimulate cell division during the early stages of development only (Kinet & Leonard 1983). The variations in the metabolic and physiological status of the pod wall tissues at the time of treatment and/or temporal changes in the levels of cytokinins within a pod (Lis & Antoszewski 1982) may be another cause.…”

Section: Factors Influencing the Response To Ga And Ba (Expts 3 And 4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The greater response to BA in the earlier than in the later stages suggests that BA is more effective in activating cell division in younger than in older pods and that cytokinins are probably important during the early stages of rape pod development. Kinet & Leonard (1983) showed that cytokinins were important in the early stages and gibberellins in the later stages of inflorescence development in tomato. Similarly, Bennici & Cionini (1979) reported that embryo development in Phaseolus coccineus was promoted by exogenous cytokinins during the early stages but not in the later stages.…”

Section: Factors Influencing the Response To Ga And Ba (Expts 3 And 4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth and development of the pod wall in spring rape (Brassica napus) as related to the presence of seeds and exogenous phytohormones

Ancha

Morgan

1996

J. Agric. Sci.

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S U M M A R YPod wall photosynthesis is known to contribute to nearly one-third of rape (Brassica napus) seed weight. The relationship between the number of seeds and the growth of the pod wall, and the effects of single and mixed applications of gibberellic acid (GA), naphthyl acetic acid (NAA) and benzyl adenine (BA) on development of the pod wall were, therefore, examined in potted plants of spring rape under glasshouse conditions.The size and weight of the pod wall were closely associated with the number of seeds per pod, and a stronger development of tissues was observed in the presence of seeds. Application of BA alone or in combination with GA (GA + BA) to emasculated flowers induced the development of parthenocarpic pods similar in size and shape to the untreated seeded pods. NAA applied singly or in mixtures produced abnormal pods. BA enhanced cell division in all tissues while GA and NAA caused expansion of parenchyma in the mesocarp. Application of BA or GA + BA at 1-5 rather than at 11-15 days after flower opening led to the development of bigger pods. Younger pods responded more than the older ones when they were treated simultaneously. BA or GA + BA application to nonemasculated flowers on the terminal raceme delayed senescence in both basal and apical pods but it increased pod size only in the latter. The balance of cytokinins and gibberellins within a pod seems to play an important role in regulating the growth of the pod wall.

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Section: Factors Influencing the Response To Ga And Ba (Expts 3 And 4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factors Influencing the Response To Ga And Ba (Expts 3 And 4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and development of the pod wall in spring rape (Brassica napus) as related to the presence of seeds and exogenous phytohormones

Ancha

Morgan

1996

J. Agric. Sci.

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“…As many external and internal factors may be involved at different stages, it is quite important to define the precise developmental stage that is concemed. Before .anthesis, the inflorescence can abort mainly because of the competition for assimilates between the vegetative apex and the last initiated infiorescence (Kinet et al, 1978;Kinet and Leonard, 1983;Leonard et al, 1983). The problems arising before fertilization have been shown to depend on pollen production, viability and transfer (Maisonneuve and Philouze, 1982); they occur under extreme temperature and humidity, but the sensitivity depends on cultivar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition for assimilates and fruit position affect fruit set in indeterminate greenhouse tomato

Bertin

1995

Annals of Botany

115

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Localization and characterization of fruit set in winter tomate crops was investigated to determine the main internal and extern al controlling factors and to establish a quantitative relationship between fruit set and competition for assimilates. Individual fruit growth and development was assessed on a beef tomato cultivar during the reproductive period (first nine inflorescences), A non-destructive photograph technique was used to measure fruit growth from very early stages of their development and then calliper measurements were made on big fruits. From these measurements we determined the precise developmental stage at which fruit growth stopped. Fruit potential growth, which is defined as the growth achieved in non-limiting conditions for assimilate supply, was also assessed by this method on plants thinned to one flower per inflorescence. The latter was used to calculate the ratio between actual and potential growth, which was found to be a good index of the competition for assimilates.Time lags of fruit set were observed mainly on distal organs. When more than three flowers were left on each inflorescence, distal organs developed at the same time as proximal organs of the following inflorescence. Consequently they were submitted to a double competition within one inflorescence and among inflorescences. It was shown that, what is commonly named 'fruit set failure', is not an irreversible death of the organ and that a small fruit could resurne growth after a delay of several weeks as soon as the first fruits ripened and thus ceased to compete for assimilates. In that case proximal fruits resumed growth before distalones. The delayed fruits contained only few seeds but a germination test confirmed that fertilization took place before fruit set failed.Competition for assimilates was calculated du ring plant development by the ratio between actual and potential fruit growth. Potential growth of proximal fruits was strongly dependent on the position of the inflorescence on the stern, whereas potential growth of distal fruits was lower than or equal to that of proximal fruits of the same inflorescence and it was independent on the inflorescence position. We took into account both inflorescence and fruit positions to establish a quantitative relationship between fruit set of individual inflorescences and the ratio between actual and potential fruit growth.

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FLOWER DEVELOPMENT IN NORMAL TOMATO AND A GIBBERELLIN‐DEFICIENT (ga‐2) MUTANT

Nester

Zeevaart

1988

American J of Botany

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Flower buds of a tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) gibberellin‐deficient mutant (ga‐2/ga‐2) were initiated, but did not develop to maturity and eventually aborted. If GA, was applied to a developing inflorescence or stem tip, completion of flower bud development and fruit set occurred. In development of the ga‐2 flowers, the corolla and stamens did not elongate and the style was misshapen or extended past the tip of the anthers. Light microscope observations indicated that meiosis of both microsporocytes and megasporocytes did not occur. Cells of the sporogenous layer were initiated, but growth was arrested and they eventually degenerated. The ovary was normal in appearance. However, the megasporocytes degenerated, giving rise to a cavity in the ovule. Thus, although GA is not required for flower initiation in tomato, it is essential for meiosis of the microsporocytes and megasporocytes and elongation of the corolla and stamens.

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The Role of Cytokinins and Gibberellins in Controlling Inflorescence Development in Tomato

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Growth and development of the pod wall in spring rape (Brassica napus) as related to the presence of seeds and exogenous phytohormones

Growth and development of the pod wall in spring rape (Brassica napus) as related to the presence of seeds and exogenous phytohormones

Competition for assimilates and fruit position affect fruit set in indeterminate greenhouse tomato

FLOWER DEVELOPMENT IN NORMAL TOMATO AND A GIBBERELLIN‐DEFICIENT (ga‐2) MUTANT

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