The role of cytokines in Guillain–Barré syndrome

Lu, Ming-Ou; Zhu, Jie

doi:10.1007/s00415-010-5836-5

Cited by 82 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 177 publications

(157 reference statements)

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“…[121314] Besides, the pro-inflammatory role of IL-6 in experimental autoimmune neuritis and GBS, it is shown that it may have additional neuroprotective effects by reducing TNF, IL-1, and promoting SC proliferation and remyelination. [15] IL-8 along with IL-1ra (receptor alpha) mediates the recruitment and activation of lymphocytes and monocytes expressed in the CSF of GBS patients. [12] Both IL-6 and IL-8 along with other cytokines released by tubular epithelia in response to reduced total or regional blood flow to the kidney enhances inflammation and cell injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels in patients with neurological manifestations of dengue

Mehta

Verma

Garg

et al. 2017

Journal of Postgraduate Medicine

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Context:Pro-inflammatory markers play a key role in the pathogenesis of various Flavivirus infection.Aim:In this study, we evaluated the role of these markers in neurological manifestations of dengue.Settings and Designs:Consecutive dengue cases with different neurological manifestations who presented between August 2012 and July 2014 were studied in hospital-based case–control study.Materials and Methods:Interleukin (IL-6) and IL-8 level were measured in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of dengue cases with different neurological manifestations and also in age- and sex-matched controls. Level was analyzed with various parameters and outcomes.Statistical Analysis:Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 16.0 by applying appropriate statistical methods. P < 0.05 considered statistically significant.Results:Out of the 40 enrolled cases of dengue with neurological manifestations, 29 had central nervous system and 11 had peripheral nervous system (CNS/PNS) manifestations. In CNS group, both IL-6 and IL-8 (CSF and serum) were significantly elevated (P < 0.001), whereas CSF IL-6 (P = 0.008), serum IL-6 (P = 0.001), and serum IL-8 (P = 0.005) were significantly elevated in PNS group. CSF IL-6, serum IL-6, and IL-8 were significantly elevated in poor outcome patients in CNS group (P < 0.05). CSF IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly elevated in CSF dengue positive cases as compared to CSF negative patients (P < 0.05). Cytokine level was not significantly correlated with neuroimaging abnormality in CNS group. Nine patients died and the remainder recovered.Conclusion:Elevated level of IL-6 and IL-8 is associated with different neurological manifestations and poor outcome, but whether they are contributing to neuropathogenesis or simply a correlate of severe disease remains to be determined.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels in patients with neurological manifestations of dengue

Mehta

Verma

Garg

et al. 2017

Journal of Postgraduate Medicine

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“…In previous studies, IL-6 in the presence of transforming growth factor (TGF)- β 1, and IL-6, IL-23 in combination with IL-1 β had been proved to be the effective factors responsible for the differentiation of Th17 cells and the production of IL-17; these cytokine milieux may also facilitate the expression of IL-22 [26, 27]. IL-6, IL-1 β , IL-23, and TNF- α are all proinflammatory cytokines and have an important role in the pathogenesis of GBS [28]. Therefore, it is safe to conclude in our study that the extensive network of IL-17 and IL-22 in coordination with these inflammatory cytokines is associated with the pathogenesis of GBS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IL-17 and IL-22 in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Are Elevated in Guillain-Barré Syndrome

et al. 2012

Mediators of Inflammation

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Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute autoimmune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease that causes rapidly progressing paralysis and occasionally respiratory failure. We hypothesized that interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-22 are elevated in GBS and participate in the autoimmune inflammatory response of GBS. We used sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure the IL-17 and IL-22 levels in the CSF, and plasma from 22 GBS patients at the acute phase and 18 healthy controls (HC). The results show that CSF and plasma levels of IL-17 and IL-22 are elevated in GBS patients compared with HC. IL-17 and IL-22 levels in CSF, respectively, are correlated with GBS disability scale scores (GDSs). Meanwhile, IL-17 and IL-22 levels in CSF, IL-22 in CSF, and plasma of GBS patients have positive correlation, respectively. The increased levels of IL-17 and IL-22 in CSF may be explained by the disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) local inflammation in GBS. Meanwhile, the elevated levels of these two cytokines in plasma suggest the activation of Th17 and Th22 cells in the systemic immune response of GBS. Our data provide preliminary evidence that GBS is associated with high levels of IL-17 and IL-22 in CSF and plasma. These cytokines display pathogenic potential and may serve as useful biomarkers for GBS.

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“…The latter then bind the corepressor molecule NCoR to exert antiinflammatory activity [37]. It is well established that inflammatory cytokines play an important role in the development of EAN as well as GBS [38]. CD4+ Th1 cells are involved in the pathogenesis of EAN by releasing inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and INF-γ.…”

Section: Ean Is a Canonical Animal Model To Study Gbs And Useful In Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Pioglitazone, PPARγ Agonist, Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis

et al. 2012

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Recent advances demonstrate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma (PPARγ) agonist, pioglitazone, as an anti-inflammatory drug. We investigated the effect of pioglitazone on experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) rats. Pioglitazone was given once daily (10 mg/kg) by oral gavage feeding from day 1-24 (suppressive group) and day 11-24 (therapeutic group). Pioglitazone ameliorated the clinical score of EAN, decreased expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and the activation of NF-κB, while increasing the expression of PPARγ and IL-4. Furthermore, we observed higher expression of PPARγ and IL-4 and lower expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ and reduced activation of NF-κB in suppressive group than those in the therapeutic group, which corresponds to lower clinical score and earlier disease recovery. Our data effectively demonstrate the anti-inflammatory properties of pioglitazone in EAN by inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway.

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The role of cytokines in Guillain–Barré syndrome

Cited by 82 publications

References 177 publications

Study of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels in patients with neurological manifestations of dengue

Study of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels in patients with neurological manifestations of dengue

IL-17 and IL-22 in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Are Elevated in Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Pioglitazone, PPARγ Agonist, Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis

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