The Role of Cytokines in the Regulation of Neurotransmission

Camacho‐Arroyo, Ignacio; López-Griego, Lorena; Morales‐Montor, Jorge

doi:10.1159/000179661

Cited by 61 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 189 publications

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“…It is the most common non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis and is distinct from the variety of disorders that cause ‘xanthogranulomatous’ lesions in the CNS [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. Histiocytic lesions are defined by several pathologic markers and can be broadly categorized into ‘Langerhans’ and ‘non-Langerhans’ cell categories.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Follow-Up of Solitary Intracerebral Juvenile Xanthogranuloma

et al. 2008

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Juvenile xanthogranuloma is a benign, non-Langerhans-cell histiocytic infiltrate that typically presents as a solitary cutaneous lesion in childhood. There are reports of extracutanous involvement, including tumors in the central nervous system. A solitary, intraparenchymal tumor without skin manifestations is a rare event, with only 3 prior cases reported in the literature. Cerebral lesions have been associated with multifocal or systemic forms of the disease, with an occasionally fulminate clinical course. Considering the rarity of this tumor, it is unclear whether patients need adjuvant therapy after excision of a solitary intraparenchymal tumor. Previous reports suggested that complete excision of the lesion was curative; however long-term follow-up was not provided. This report illustrates a case of surgical excision of a solitary juvenile xanthogranuloma in an 8-year-old male with a 3-year follow-up period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Follow-Up of Solitary Intracerebral Juvenile Xanthogranuloma

et al. 2008

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“…Cytokines are proteins secreted by immune and endocrine cells that regulate a variety of immunological, inflammatory and endocrine processes [1] . Using quantitative techniques, it has been described that thyroid follicular cells produce and secrete cytokines, which activate T and B lymphocytes and thus play a central role in coordinating the immune reaction found in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease (GD) [2][3][4][5] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of Serum Cytokines in Hyperthyroid Graves’ Disease Patients at Diagnosis and during Methimazole Treatment

Pedro

Romaldini

Takei

2010

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Objective: Cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of Graves’ disease (GD), but ambiguous serum cytokine results have been described. Methods: We studied the changes in serum interleukin (IL)-1β, soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), IL-5, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations in 29 untreated GD patients before and after restoration of euthyroidism with methimazole (MMI) treatment compared to 25 control subjects. Eleven out of 29 GD patients had active Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO). Results: Compared to controls, untreated GD patients had significantly higher median levels of serum IL-1β (18.7 vs. 34.0 pg/ml), sIL-2R (292.5 vs. 1,585.0 pg/ml), IL-5 (1.0 vs. 9.0 pg/ml), IL-6 (3.0 vs. 5.0 pg/ml) and TNF-α (8.1 vs. 16.0 pg/ml). In euthyroidism following MMI treatment, concentrations of IL-1β (25.0 pg/ml), sIL-2R (362.0 pg/ml), IL-5 (3.0 pg/ml), IL-6 (3.0 pg/ml) and TNF-α (5.0 pg/ml) declined significantly and were similar to controls. The greatest reductions were noted in sIL-2R (76.9%), TNF-α (68.8%) and IL-5 (66.6%) levels. Serum sIL-2R, IL-5 and TNF-α levels in active GO patients were significantly elevated, but no significant differences were observed in GD patients without GO. Using a multiple linear regression analysis, serum IL-1β was significantly associated with free thyroxine, sIL-2R with triiodothyronine and serum thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) and TNF-α with TRAb. Conclusion: These results support the notion that serum cytokines could be used as a marker of GD activity, and the decrease in cytokine levels might be related to the achievement of euthyroidism and the immunomodulatory effects of MMI treatment.

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“…This activation leads to the release of IL-10, IL-12 p40, TNF-α, and IL-8 from human monocytes [39]. The regulating effect of the cholinergic pathway on NFκB has been shown in smokers, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and epilepsy, focusing on the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in monocytes during the inflammatory process [40,41,42,43,44]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vagotomy Induces Deregulation of the Inflammatory Response during the Development of Amoebic Liver Abscess in Hamsters

Sánchez-Alemán¹,

Quintanar‐Stephano

Escobedo

et al. 2014

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Background: The parasympathetic nervous system modulates the immune response in the abdominal-pelvic gut through the vagus nerve, which releases acetylcholine. This endogenous ligand acts on a7 nicotinic receptors expressed on immune cells. Objective: To study the mechanism of the production and regulation of cytokines in parasympathectomized and control hamsters during the development of amoebic liver abscesses (ALA) caused by Entamoeba histolytica.Methodology: Six- to 8-week-old male hamsters with and without vagotomy were used in a model of ALA. The animals were infected with trophozoites (350,000; HM1:IMSS strain) via the intrahepatic route and sacrificed at 6, 12, and 24 h and at 2, 4, and 7 days postinfection. Immune parameters were recorded at each time point using morphometric techniques including immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry assays. These parameters included signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) levels, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, and nuclear factor-γB (NFγB) activation in neutrophils and macrophages. Results: Compared to the control groups, the vagotomized (VAG) hamsters showed a significant increase in NFγB activation in neutrophils and macrophages, and higher levels of interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-a. VAG hamsters showed an increase in the expression of IL-8 and phosphorylated STAT3 during the first 24 h postinfection as well as slightly increased levels of transforming growth factor-ß on days 2-7 postinfection. No significant differences were demonstrated in the levels of IL-10. Conclusions: These results suggest that the vagus nerve plays an important role in the regulation of inflammation during ALA formation.

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The Role of Cytokines in the Regulation of Neurotransmission

Cited by 61 publications

References 189 publications

Long-Term Follow-Up of Solitary Intracerebral Juvenile Xanthogranuloma

Long-Term Follow-Up of Solitary Intracerebral Juvenile Xanthogranuloma

Changes of Serum Cytokines in Hyperthyroid Graves’ Disease Patients at Diagnosis and during Methimazole Treatment

Vagotomy Induces Deregulation of the Inflammatory Response during the Development of Amoebic Liver Abscess in Hamsters

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