The role of cytokines, adhesion molecules, and chemokines in interleukin-2-induced lymphocytic infiltration in C57BL/6 mice.

NKTR-214, an Engineered Cytokine with Biased IL2 Receptor Binding, Increased Tumor Exposure, and Marked Efficacy in Mouse Tumor Models

“…Lack of pulmonary edema was further confirmed by histopathology (data not shown) with no evidence of lung infiltrates. Studies of inflammatory cytokines TNFa and IFNg showed no detectable levels, suggesting lack of toxicity-associated cytokine release, despite robust immune activation (22). Together with the murine antitumor efficacy, these results support the improved safety and tolerability of NKTR-214.…”

Nitric oxide mediates murine cytomegalovirus-associated pneumonitis in lungs that are free of the virus.

“…One possibility is that the anti-CD3 injection accumulated the primed T cells in the lung, and then the mAb stimulated the primed T cells there. Actually, Anderson et al (41) reported that IL-2-induced cytokines (IFN-␥ and TNF-␣), adhesion molecules, and chemokines such as RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted) and MIP-1␣ (macrophage inflammatory protein-1 ␣) in the lung (41). Thus, it is plausible that anti-CD3 injection had an effect similar to that of IL-2 injection, resulting in the production of RANTES, which attracts memory phenotype T cells (42), in the lung.…”

Cooperation between Th1 and Th2 cells in a murine model of eosinophilic airway inflammation

“…In addition, the fact that anti-TNF-α antibodies did not completely inhibit the eosinophil response suggests that other factors besides TNF-α may be involved. Other Th1 cell mediators that may contribute to the enhancement of Th2 recruitment include lymphotoxin, either in its soluble homotrimer or membrane heterotrimer form (53), or IL-2, which has been shown to cause eosinophilia (54) and to induce TNF-α expression in the lung (55). In preliminary experiments, however, treatment with anti-IL-2 antibody did not interfere with the Th1 + Th2-induced eosinophilia (data not shown).…”