The Role of Culture and Gender in E-commerce Entrepreneurship: Three Jordanian Case Studies

Qasim, Dhia Mufeed Mohd; Mohammed, A. Bany; Liñán, Francisco

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75913-5_14

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…and care and housework as a woman's responsibility. According to these studies, entrepreneurship offers women working conditions suited to fulfillment of gender expectations (Nurbekova et al, 2017;Qasim et al, 2018). At the same time, this economic sector can claim competences associated with care work, which is culturally appealing to women (fragmentation, availability, multitasking, self-sacrifice, emotional work, etc.…”

Section: Entrepreneurship As An Opportunity For Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s entrepreneurial subjectivity under scrutiny: Expert knowledge on gender and entrepreneurship

Pascual

Carretero‐García

2022

Gender Work & Organization

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In recent years, entrepreneurship has become a guiding principle of the thinkable, not just in economy, but also justice.Boosting entrepreneurship among women is a manifestation of this project, which a-problematically links the call for equality with the activation of the economy. The standpoint usually taken in scientific and political debates assumes that, in the case of women, there is an incompatibility between gender norms and entrepreneurial subjectivity. Considering the performative nature of knowledge production, this article analyses how gender is (un)done through the problematization of women's entrepreneurial subjectivity by expert knowledge. To do so, it reviews a sample of the scientific literature of the past 10 years focused on the complex relations in place throughout these regulatory spaces. The authors identify three types of approaches (women facing entrepreneurship, the gender of entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurship of gender) and discuss the prevailing normative assumptions, as well as the political implications, through a gender and feminist lens.

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Section: Entrepreneurship As An Opportunity For Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s entrepreneurial subjectivity under scrutiny: Expert knowledge on gender and entrepreneurship

Pascual

Carretero‐García

2022

Gender Work & Organization

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“…In view of its features, e-entrepreneurship has strict requirements for technical skills and online marketing capabilities. Unlike traditional entrepreneurship mode, the convenient functions of electronic platforms provide e-entrepreneurs with the opportunity to interact with potential consumers worldwide (Qasim et al, 2018). While gaining a comfortable entrepreneurial environment, e-entrepreneurs should be familiar with the new entrepreneurial model and need to master the advanced entrepreneurial capabilities, including the real-time interaction skill, online A comparison of urban and rural perspectives advertising strategy and product display function, which has been identified by existing scholars (Islam and Alghobiri, 2018).…”

Section: Entrepreneurial and Cultural Capabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of opportunity and capability on e-entrepreneurial motivation: a comparison of urban and rural perspectives

Kang²

2022

JEEE

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Purpose E-entrepreneurship is developed based on digital platforms, having specific technical opportunities, such as the interactive ecosystem, fast payment method and online store function, without strict requirements for online entrepreneurs. Considering China’s e-entrepreneurship environment and cultural background, this paper aims to analyse individuals’ e-entrepreneurship motivation based on the capability–opportunity–motivation–behaviour (COM-B) behaviour changing theory. Design/methodology/approach Through testing 602 samples based on the partial least squares path modelling and variance-based structural equation modelling, the factors from the opportunity and capability units positively affect individuals’ e-entrepreneurship motivation. Meanwhile, because of the economic and social environmental differences between China’s urban and rural regions, this study promotes the multi-group analysis based on individuals’ regional backgrounds. Findings First, as opportunity factors, technical and policy opportunities have significantly positive relationships with individuals’ e-entrepreneurship motivation. Second, entrepreneurial and cultural capabilities are essential for Chinese entrepreneurs while making an entrepreneurial decision. Third, because of the e-entrepreneurial environment difference and educational system gap, entrepreneurial capability exerts a greater influence on the e-entrepreneurship motivation for Chinese individuals from urban regions, and cultural capability exerts a higher impact on the e-entrepreneurship motivation for Chinese individuals from rural regions. Originality/value Whilst the phenomenon of e-entrepreneurship is emerging as a popular entrepreneurship area of study, little research has systematically explored individuals’ e-entrepreneurial motivation and analysed influencing factors from macro and minor aspects. According to the COM-B behaviour changing theory, this paper discovers influencing factors from environmental opportunity and personal capability units, and it is helpful to present individuals’ attitudes to the platform-based business model.

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“…Jordan has few natural resources and a small industrial sector in addition to an economy that is reliant on foreign aid as well as tourism; this has positioned the government as the largest single employer in Jordan (Schiff, Schmidt and Troncoso 2015). Furthermore, the role of cultural values toward e-commerce intentions in Jordan (Kahttab and Qutaishat 2012), have argued that e-entrepreneurship may be a way of overcoming some of the traditional cultural beliefs in the Arab countries (Qasim et al 2018;Sidani 2005) specifically in relation to women employment. Nonetheless, there are clearly barriers, since the GEM report (2014) has identified that while opportunity recognition in Jordan is high, entrepreneurial activity is among the lowest in the region.…”

Section: The National Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies on the cultural context in Jordan have focused mainly on the role of culture from a gender perspective focusing on women entrepreneurs (Al-Dajani and Marlow, 2013; Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, 2014). Furthermore, the role of cultural values towards e-commerce intentions in Jordan (Kahttab and Qutaishat, 2012) has argued that the e-entrepreneurship may be a way of overcoming some of the traditional cultural beliefs in the Arab countries (Sidani, 2005; Qasim et al , 2018) specifically in relation to women employment. Nonetheless, these are clearly some of the barriers, since the GEM report (2014) has identified that the opportunity recognition in Jordan is high, entrepreneurial activity is among the lowest in the region.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrepreneurs contextualisation of culture a national setting

Zayadin

Zucchella

Ameen

et al. 2020

IJEBR

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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to capture the variation in entrepreneurs' understandings and experiences through which they contextualise cultural factors within a national setting to articulate how they use their knowledge and social capabilities to advance their activity.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts an interpretivist approach through which culture is investigated at the individual level. Phenomenography is used as a methodology to capture the variation in the entrepreneurs own understanding and experiences of the cultural factors.FindingsThe findings introduce four different understandings and eight experiences to explore how entrepreneurs contextualise culture in their environment. The findings present a change in the role of culture in influencing entrepreneurial social capabilities and confidence; and a change in the local culture from collectivism to individualism. Furthermore, the findings show how entrepreneurs use their knowledge, experience and understanding to achieve socially driven acts to pursue economic value, integration and acceptance.Research limitations/implicationsWe encourage further research in the Middle-East region to examine the model and identify other factors that affect entrepreneurial behaviour, including the important developments with regard to women entrepreneurs. While Jordan has embarked on introducing policy level changes to support entrepreneurship, the findings report that the culture of collectivism is changing. This requires a longitudinal research to capture the change and its implication on entrepreneurial activity in Jordan and its impact on unemployment and economic value.Practical implicationsIn terms of practical contribution, the study introduces a policy level contribution by answering the question presented by the GEM report (2014) pointing out the high entrepreneurial opportunity identification in Jordan, yet the country has the lowest entrepreneurial activity in the region. Although the report pointed out issues in policy and institutional support the role of culture was not addressed. The study recommendation is to celebrate and entrepreneurial activity and introduce entrepreneurial studies at schools to influence a positive change.Social implicationsWe addressed some of the several calls to further investigate and understand the role of culture, how entrepreneurs contextualise it (Foss and Klein, 2012; Garud et al., 2016; Zahra et al., 2014; Welter et al., 2019). Our research provides a fertile ground for further enquiries that pose questions such as “What other factors do entrepreneurs contextualise in their environment?” and “how these factors are contextualised?” The use of phenomenography as an interpretive methodology might therefore assist in revealing further shared understandings of the variation in entrepreneurs' behaviours. Further research on capturing “understanding” presents the complex forms of interactions and mechanism in the cognitive world of the entrepreneurs (Barandiaran et al., 2009; Brannback and Carsrud, 2016).Originality/valueIn this study, phenomenography has enabled new insights into the multiplicity and idiosyncratic role of culture within a national setting and introduces a model of social capability and integration which capture the contextualisation of cultural factors. The study contributes to entrepreneurship literature as follows: first, the implicit assumption in this research is that culture is an active construct that entrepreneurs understand, experience and also influence; second, the variation in entrepreneurs' outcomes is based on their subjective and personal understandings which form the ways of contextualisation. Third, the variation in understanding and experiences captures the different ways entrepreneurs use their social capabilities to achieve integration and economic value.

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The Role of Culture and Gender in E-commerce Entrepreneurship: Three Jordanian Case Studies

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Women’s entrepreneurial subjectivity under scrutiny: Expert knowledge on gender and entrepreneurship

Women’s entrepreneurial subjectivity under scrutiny: Expert knowledge on gender and entrepreneurship

Impact of opportunity and capability on e-entrepreneurial motivation: a comparison of urban and rural perspectives

Entrepreneurs contextualisation of culture a national setting

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