The Role of Cultural Values in Carbon Disclosure: A Global Perspective

Abstract

Purpose: This research has as a guiding question: What is the influence of cultural values ​​on companies' carbon disclosure? Theoretical framework: As a theoretical basis for the construction of the research hypotheses, Institutional Theory was used, which states that the national environment can shape the behavior of companies. Method/design/approach: This paper analyzed the carbon disclosure of a sample of 1579 companies, headquartered in 19 countries. To compose the cultural values ​​of the countries, the framework of Hofstede (1983) was used. This author points out that four characteristics measure a country's cultural system: distance from power; individualism; masculinity; and uncertainty aversion. Data were analyzed using hierarchical data regression. Results and conclusion: In countries with more hierarchical institutions, companies are discouraged from having a greater role in carbon disclosure. Additionally, in more individualistic cultures, companies also have less disclosure of their carbon emissions. In countries with greater tolerance for cultural diversity, companies disclose more carbon information. Research implications: The results of this work can be used by managers when defining their corporate disclosure policies. Managers must understand how the country's institutional dynamics work, especially the cultural values ​​of society, before starting new businesses. Originality/value: This study presents new empirical evidence that proves the assumptions of Institutional Theory. Value is also added in research on environmental disclosure, focusing on carbon disclosure across multiple countries.