The role of craving in AUDs: Dimensionality and Differential Functioning in the DSM-5

Casey, Martina; Adamson, Gary; Shevlin, Mark; McKinney, Adele

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.03.019

Cited by 47 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…A recent study using data from the Wave 2 NESARC also suggests that factors other than age may be related to the reporting of particular AUD symptoms (Casey et al, 2012). Results from both of these U.S. studies are counter to those from a German study, which found persistent age differences in reports of drinking more than intended (Pabst et al, 2012), however.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refining Measures of Alcohol Problems for General Population Surveys

Karriker‐Jaffe

Witbrodt

Greenfield

2015

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Background There is a need to improve classification of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in general population surveys. We developed and tested follow-up questions for 2 commonly-reported symptom domains (withdrawal and larger/longer) to assess effects on DSM-5 AUD classification. Methods Telephone interviews recontacted a selective follow-up sample of respondents under age 46 from the 2010 National Alcohol Survey with at least 1 lifetime AUD symptom (N=244). Items included detailed questions about past-year AUD symptoms. Three items (vomiting, sweating, irritability) were recoded as acute intoxication rather than withdrawal if they most recently occurred within 8 hours of stopping drinking. The larger/longer criterion was recoded as socially motivated if respondents endorsed “got caught up in drinking with a group of friends” and not “feel compelled to drink and just can’t stop” as a reason for drinking more than intended. Results Of 225 current drinkers, 11% reported past-year withdrawal, with 28% of those reporting acute intoxication instead of physical withdrawal. Adjusting past-year withdrawal classification reduced AUD prevalence by 6%. A minority (12%) reported the past-year larger/longer criterion. Of those, 50% indicated social reasons for drinking more than intended, rather than compulsion to drink. Adjusting the past-year larger/longer criterion reduced AUD prevalence by 8%. Accounting for both adjustments reduced AUD prevalence by 13%. Cases that met AUD criteria after both adjustments were substantially heavier drinkers than those that were reclassified. Conclusions Follow-up items could be implemented in epidemiologic studies with minimal response burden and may help reduce mis-classification of AUD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refining Measures of Alcohol Problems for General Population Surveys

Karriker‐Jaffe

Witbrodt

Greenfield

2015

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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“…Craving[345,366,367] fit well with existing criteria, although whether it added unique information was unclear. Papers addressing hazardous use (largely driving after drinking) raised questions about this criterion[94,154,368] but not sufficient to justify removing it from DSM-5.…”

Section: Major Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) Waves 1 and 2: review and summary of findings

Hasin

Grant

2015

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

386

293

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Purpose The NESARC, a “third generation” psychiatric epidemiologic survey that integrated detailed measures of alcohol and drug use and problems, has been the data source for over >850 publications. A comprehensive review of NESARC findings and their implications is lacking. Method NESARC was a survey of 43,093 participants that covered alcohol, drug and psychiatric disorders, risk factors, and consequences. Wave 1 of the NESARC was conducted in 2001-2002. Three years later, Wave 2 follow-up re-interviews were conducted with 34,653 of the original participants. Scopus and Pubmed were used to search for NESARC papers, which were sorted into topic areas and summarized. Result The most common disorders were alcohol and post-traumatic stress disorders, and major depression. Females had more internalizing disorders and males had more externalizing disorders, although the preponderance of males with alcohol disorders (the “gender gap”) is less pronounced than it was in previous decades. A race/ethnic “paradox” (lower risk among disadvantaged minorities than whites) remains unexplained. Younger participants had higher risk for substance and personality disorders, but not unipolar depressive or anxiety disorders. Psychiatric comorbidity was extensive and often formed latent trans-diagnostic domains. Since 1991-1992, risk for marijuana and prescription drug disorders increased, while smoking decreased, although smoking decreases were less pronounced among those with comorbidity. A nexus of comorbidity, social support, and stress predicted transitions in diagnostic status between Waves 1 and 2. Childhood maltreatment predicted psychopathology. Alcohol and drug use disorders were seldom treated; attitudinal barriers (little perceived need, perceived alcoholism stigma, pessimism about efficacy) were more important in predicting non-treatment than financial barriers. Conclusions Understanding comorbidity and the effects of early stressors will require research incorporating biologic components, e.g., genetic variants and brain imaging. The lack of treatment for alcohol and drug disorders, predicted by attitudinal rather than financial variables, suggests urgent need for public and professional education to reduce the stigma associated with these disorders, and increase knowledge of treatment options.

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“…First, the DSM-IV criteria were based upon a bi-axial hierarchical system, with AD and AA defined as different substance-related problems. However, research indicates that, rather than being distinct, AA and AD represent a continuum of AUD severity, with AA and AD items typically loaded onto one [13][14][15][16][17] or two highly-correlated factors [18]. Furthermore, the adequacy of DSM-IV's diagnostic coverage of individuals with alcohol-related problems has been questioned because of its 'diagnostic orphans'-individuals with one or two dependence symptoms but no DSM-IV AUD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondly, new diagnostic thresholds were defined, including 2-3 criteria for mild AUD 4-5 criteria for moderate AUD and ≥6 criteria for severe AUD. Thirdly, the AA criterion 'legal problems' was removed (because of its low prevalence and poor discriminatory power); and fourthly, a new criterion, 'craving', was added (as a core characteristic of AUD associated with high severity and good discriminatory power) [13,14]. Otherwise, the DSM-IV and DSM-5 AUD criteria are identical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%