The role of copeptin as a novel cardiovascular biomarker

Abstract

Copeptin is a provasopressin-derived peptide, the precursor for arginine vasopressin (AVP), which is an antidiuretic hormone from the hypothalamus. Copeptin is secreted together with AVP equally as a response of AVP stimulation. While AVP’s main function is water and blood volume regulation and maintaining electrolyte homeostasis, copeptin’s function is still not fully understood. AVP, copeptin, and other vasopressinergic neuropeptides’ levels are elevated in acute stress caused by pathological conditions. Clinical use of AVP levels has many weaknesses. Copeptin can act as a replacement because of its molecular stability, easier testing methods, and faster results. For example, combination of copeptin and cardiac troponins can eliminate myocardial infarction (MI) diagnosis faster, while combined with brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) or its precursor can predict heart failure (HF) outcome. In cardiovascular shock, copeptin levels are elevated. As such, copeptin is a potential biomarker for MI diagnosis and predictor for HF mortality and morbidity.

Biomarkers in Stress Related Diseases/Disorders: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Values

“…Heart failure (HF) can be predicted well by using copeptin as a biomarker in combination with brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). There is a rise in the levels of copeptin in cardiovascular shock (Kristyagita and Siswanto, 2015). In recent times though copeptin is diagnostic biomarker for kidney (Tasneem et al, 2018) and heart (Berezin, 2018; Xu L. et al, 2018) related ailments mainly, but in future has good scope for evaluation of other systems or diseases as these systems are interdependent and affect one another, e.g., cardio-pulmonary or hepato-renal disorders.…”

Serum Copeptin as the Predictor for Acute Heart Failure Complication of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation

“…Study on prognostic markers of heart disease continues to develop until now, one of them is hormone. Its synthesis follows in neurohypophysis or posterior pituitary and is triggered by decreased cardiac output, increased 11,12 state of osmolality, and physiological stress. Arginine vasopresin only lasts 5-15 minutes in ambient temperature, it has a small molecular size, low platelet affinity (< 90%), difficult storage and it 7 , 1 0 takes much time of test (12-24 hours).…”

“…Arginine vasopresin only lasts 5-15 minutes in ambient temperature, it has a small molecular size, low platelet affinity (< 90%), difficult storage and it 7 , 1 0 takes much time of test (12-24 hours). Contrastingly, copeptin has long-endurance (7-14 days) in room temperature, high platelet affinity (> 90%), large molecular size, easy storage and it 11,12 requires less time of test (1-5.5 hours).…”